Cannot get colored prompt despite setting PS1 in .bashrc

One of the machines I log into via ssh doesn't give me a colored prompt, despite setting it via .bashrc. The .bashrc part in question is

# set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color)
case "$TERM" in
    xterm-color|*-256color) color_prompt=yes;;
esac

# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
force_color_prompt=yes

if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then
    if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then
        # We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48
        # (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such
        # a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.)
        color_prompt=yes
    else
        color_prompt=
    fi
fi

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    if [ $(id -u) -eq 0 ];
    then # you are root, make the prompt red
        PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\e[00;33m\]\u\[\e[00m\]@\[\e[00;34m\]\h\[\e[00m\]:\[\e[00;36m\]\w\[\e[00m\]\e[01;31m#\e[00m '
    else
        PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\e[00;32m\]\u\[\e[00m\]@\[\e[00;34m\]\h\[\e[00m\]:\[\e[00;36m\]\w\[\e[00m\]$ '
    fi
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi
unset color_prompt force_color_prompt

and I use it on several other machines with the desired result.

I have no idea why this particular computer doesn't use this .bashrc. If I use

export PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\e[00;32m\]\u\[\e[00m\]@\[\e[00;34m\]\h\[\e[00m\]:\[\e[00;36m\]\w\[\e[00m\]$ '

(the line from above), my prompt gets the desired format. /etc/bash.bashrc exists, also /etc/profile, both look OK to me.

Also, if I ssh into this computer, the xterm title doesn't get set. Normally, it gets set to user@host for this machine. I suspect the same root cause, but I have no idea where to look.