I've just reinstalled Ubuntu 16.04 on my machine, and I'm in the process of installing everything I had installed previously. This includes a few programs that I put in /usr/local/bin, but that directory doesn't seem to exist:
$ ls -A /usr/local
etc games include lib man sbin share src
I don't remember explicitly creating /usr/local/bin on my old install, and yet it existed there. Why doesn't it exist by default, and how did it come to exist on my previous installation?
/usr/local/bin
and other default folders such as the ones you mentioned and also/opt
and/mnt
are created during a normal Ubuntu installation. By default the folders are empty. If you don't have the folder, it simply means it has inadvertently been removed.This is easily rectified just by creating the folder:
You can proceed to install your previously installed programs just as you normally would have, if the directory had not been deleted, after recreating it.
And more directly to your questions:
It is created by default during installation.
It's part of the default directory structure which was created during installation.