Is there an alternative to VNC available which is on par with the features in Windows Remote Desktop?
- No configuration except possible switching it on. Authentication should be done just like a local logon.
- Automatic adjust the screen size/resolution to match the remote client.
- Automatically disable any UI features which are not compatible with the remote client (such as 3D acceleration).
Your options in order of personal preference:
Nomachine and x2go (contrary to what was commented above) are as click-and-go as you'll get in ubuntu. To install
sudo apt-get install x2goserver OR sudo dpkg -i nx* (after download of nxserver,nxnode,nxclient from nomachine)
Then you just download the client. Both of these support dynamic scaling of the window even after a resolution has been chosen. They are much faster than VNC (and not really any slower than you are seeing from windows desktop connection--maybe a tad).
You can use X11RDP it gives you the same capabilities that Windows RDP gives. read this and visit links inside and you can download the script so easy and try.
As of 2017 just look at
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/VNC/Servers
and
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/VNC/Clients
Servers and clients are all listed there, and information is up to dat
ThinLinc, might be the solution for you, you can control which session size you want from client side, the next version of ThinLinc will also support automatic session resize that will make the session fit to client window size.
ps. ThinLinc is free to use up to 10 concurrent users.
See following installation video of ThinLinc server on Ubuntu:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEJ0KrnXyP0
x11rdp is the right solution. It has been answered with automated script in this post