Windows 7 Blue Screen then restart after loading from GRUB

I was posting this as a comment but it's too lengthy to fit, so I'm posting this as an answer. I really don't know if this will do the job, as it's usually used for Windows boot problems and not because of a BSOD.

But since you just can't boot into Windows at all without getting the BSOD, this might be worth a try. (I found these instructions years ago, and don't remember where I got them or whom to credit.) After running this, if it works and you can boot into Windows again, you'll need to boot Ubuntu from a live CD and reinstall Grub.

How to repair and reboot to Windows 7:

1. Insert the Windows 7 System Repair DVD or Installation DVD and reboot.

2. Select the correct keyboard input method and click "Next".

   Note: If you are using the Windows7 Install DVD then at the 'Install Now' prompt (Do not pick the Install Now option) instead choose the 'Repair your computer' option located in the lower left of the dispay.

3. The System Repair tool will search for a valid operating system and will report that "Windows found problems with your computer's startup options. Do you want to apply repairs and restart your computer?"

4. Click "Repair and restart" and reboot again to the Windows 7 System Repair environment.

5. Click "Next" at the keyboard selection prompt and when the "System Recovery Options" screen appears verify that the "Use recovery tools that can help fix problems starting Windows" is selected. Note that on your Dual Boot system there now should be only one operating system listed. Click the "Next" button.

6. Now from the menu list select the "Command Prompt" option.

7. At the DOS prompt type the following three commands:

   bootrec.exe  /fixmbr
   bootrec.exe  /fixboot (may return an 'Element not found' message)
   bootrec.exe  /RebuildBcd
   

8. Close the command prompt window and click the "Startup Repair" option.

9. The repair process may take some time, so wait until the process completes at which point you will see two messages "Windows cannot repair this computer automatically" and "Startup Repair cannot repair this computer automatically".

   These messages are the result of the radical changes made by removing the other drive. Ignore the Send/Dont send options.

10. Close this message window by clicking on the X in the upper right corner of the Send/Dont send window. Next click on the "View advanced options for system recovery and support" option and from the main menu once again click "Startup Repair".

    This time the repair process may only that a few seconds and when prompted "Startup Repair could not detect a problem", click "Finish" and run the "Startup Repair" option one more time, click "Finish", and then remove the System Repair DVD and click "Restart". Reboot the computer.

We would need to know the BSOD error code. Sounds like the Windows BootMGR's config is trashed.

When you try to boot into Windows, hit Shift+F8. If the loader is fine this will pop up the recovery menu with options like safe mode, safe mode with networking, etc.

You can try safe mode, if that fails try disable Automatic restart and look into the error online.

You could also check grub to see what it's options are for Windows boot record (Maybe set to wrong partition/etc)

You could use the windows bootloader to dual boot both windows and ubuntu using EasyBCD. From your description of the problem, it looks like that should fix it.

Do you see any Windows branding before the BSoD? I don't think someone will be able to answer you confidently, rather; suggest things it could be.

The fact that you're getting a BSoD leads me to think that you've changed something more to do with the hard drive than boot order/loaders. Did you move this storage drive from one computer to another? Did you have another drive connected that isn't any more (i.e. Win7's boot sector)?