In Ubuntu 18.04, when I click on a side bar (Ubuntu Dock) app icon representing multiple instances (for instance two terminals running) nothing happens. In 16.04 I get separate windows displaying all app instances ready for clicking.
What am I missing? Did I do something to offend thee?
You didn't do anything wrong, but you're kinda comparing apples and oranges. Ubuntu 16.04 comes with Unity, whereas Ubuntu 18.04 comes with GNOME 3 instead of Unity. So it's not surprising that some things would be different.
You can activate a preview-on-click feature for the application icons in the Ubuntu Dock (if it's not already activated) by running the following command in Terminal:
Then you should get something like this on mouse-click:
Alternatively, you can still install and use Unity on Ubuntu 18.04, refer to this: How can I make Ubuntu 18.04 / 18.10 desktop use Unity (be like Ubuntu 14.04)?