I managed to export my keys from gpg in an armored text format, and import them in Mozilla Thunderbird, both the public and the private key.
Is there a way to avoid this process, and have Mozilla Thunderbird communicate with gpg directly?
I noticed that, when I encrypt a message, Mozilla Thunderbird doesn't ask me the password for the private key. So I assume Mozilla Thunderbird stored it somewhere. Where does Thunderbird store my password for the private key, and is it saved in plain text? I don't want it to be stored in plain text
The answer is no. There is no way to have Mozilla Thunderbird utilize your existing gpg keyring for public keys.
Per this thread:
This is pretty mind-blowing. Can we go back to enigmail? Now we all have to maintain two distinct databases with the same content storing my contact's trusted keys and their level of trust :(
If we meet someone in-person and are able to verify their fingerprint and identity, we have to update it in more than one place. If we forget, then it's a nightmare trying to keep it all in-sync.
My questions were answered here by Christian Riechers on the Thunderbird e3ee group.
Specifically:
We can tell Mozilla Thunderbird to take the private key from gpg directly by treating gpg like a smartcard. See here for details. The public key must be imported into Thunderbird instead
We can setup a Thunderbird master password. See here
There is a workaround to achieve what you want using the
mail.openpgp.allow_external_gnupg
setting.