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sdbbs
Asked: 2022-02-09 08:50:07 +0800 CST

How does nano determine syntax coloring for a .txt file?

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I've recently discovered, that when I open a new text file (extension .txt) in nano, there is actually a limited syntax coloring:

enter image description here

That is, if a line starts with number sign/hash, it is colored.

I think this is great, and I really like this (for a txt file, I really don't need any other syntax color, but one marking comment, with the same comment syntax as in bash), so I was wondering how/where it was defined.

According to How to set nano default syntax highlighting for files with no extension?, syntax coloring files for nano are in /usr/share/nano/ directory, and are "imported" via /etc/nanorc file.

So, I tried checking:

$ grep -r txt /usr/share/nano/
/usr/share/nano/cmake.nanorc:syntax cmake "(CMakeLists\.txt|\.cmake)$"

... but the only reference to .txt is from cmake, and I don't think this is what sets the coloring for test.txt.

So, how does nano determine the syntax coloring for a test.txt file?

command-line

1 Answers

  1. Best Answer

    Simple grepping for # in the /usr/share/nano/ directory gives the following important result among others:

    $ grep -r "#" /usr/share/nano/
...
default.nanorc:color cyan "^[[:space:]]*#.*"
...

    The whole file on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS is the following:

    $ cat /usr/share/nano/default.nanorc 
## An example of a default syntax.  The default syntax is used for
## files that do not match any other syntax.

syntax default
comment "#"

# Comments.
color cyan "^[[:space:]]*#.*"

# Spaces in front of tabs.
color ,red " + +"

# Nano's name, including version.
color brightred "(GNU )?[Nn]ano [1-4]\.[0-9][-.[:alnum:]]*\>"

# Email addresses.
color magenta "<[[:alnum:].%_+-]+@[[:alnum:].-]+\.[[:alpha:]]{2,}>"

# Bracketed captions in certain config files.
color brightgreen "^\[[^][]+\]$"

    So it is some dynamic highlighter in action.
    Next things to check trigger - enter GNU nano 4.8 to get it in red and some e-mail <[email protected]> to get it in magenta. Newer versions have URLs in lightblue and so on. See image below:

    Nano with plain file

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