Upgraded from 10.x or 11.x and I'm having lots of problems.
All icons in the dock are gone, as well as most other icons:
No icons, applications can't be focused, no window chrome (title bar etc):
Additionally, the mouse pointer isn't moving. It works fine under Win XP.
Is there a way to repair Ubuntu? And keep all application settings etc?
Looks like your upgrade has gone wrong. Boot into recovery mode from your Grub menu, enter a root shell and run:
choose dpkg from the recovery menu. Allow to unmount and remount the filesystem with read/write permission. Once it's done choose root from the menu and enter the command apt-get install -f Reboot after it's done.