I've found this guide to sync Chrome tabs across devices and I enabled sync on both devices. Nothings happening though when I enabled tab sync on my PC and Notebook. How do I open the tabs from one device on the other? Both devices run Ubuntu 12.04 64bit.
http://www.howtogeek.com/96664/how-to-sync-open-tabs-across-computers-using-google-chrome/
The article that you are referring to was published in 2011.
When opening Chrome, or chromium, it is stated at the top of the page that:
WARNING These experimental features may change, break, or disappear at any time...
It does appear to be the case that the option within "http:// flags" has indeed disappeared.
That particular option of syncing open tabs is not available in either chromium(Version 25.0.1364.160) or Chrome stable(Version 26.0.1410.43) on Ubuntu 12.04.02.
Take a look a more recent guide, from Google, regarding the Sync tabs across devices functionality.
However, there is an option to look at the open tabs on some other devices(see note below).
You need to be signed-in a Google account to use this functionality.
Open wrench in upper right hand corner of your browser
Select "Advanced sync settings"
Open a new tab
Look in the lower right hand corner of the browser and click on the area that say "Other devices" as indicated below:
Note: I can't speak to how this functionality works across all devices. My tablet syncs partially but my android phone does not appear to sync completely (it only shows most recent tab-singular. YMMV).
It sounds like you are looking for functionality that will allow you to open all tabs open on a remote computer. In that case, I would recommend using the Xmarks plugin
See also: http://www.xmarks.com/ and http://blog.xmarks.com/