Proper way to let user enter password for a bash script using only the GUI (with the terminal hidden)

The -A sudo option allows you to specify a helper program (in the SUDO_ASKPASS variable) that will ask for the password.

Create a script to ask the password (myaskpass.sh):

#!/bin/bash
zenity --password --title=Authentication

Then insert this line at the beginning of your script:

export SUDO_ASKPASS="/path/to/myaskpass.sh"

and replace all occurences of sudo <command> with:

sudo -A <command>

You can use whatever password asking program you want instead of zenity. I had to encapsulate it within a script because SUDO_ASKPASS must point to a file, so it won't work with the --password option required by zenity.

The above works like a charm if it runs from command line or if you choose Run in terminal after double click the script file in the file manager, but if you choose Run or try to launch it from a .desktop file every sudo will ask for the for password again.

If you don't want a terminal window at all, you can store the password in a variable and pipe it to sudo -S. Maybe there's some security concerns, but I think it's pretty safe (read the comments on this answer).

Insert this line at the beginning of your script:

PASSWD="$(zenity --password --title=Authentication)\n"

and replace all occurences of sudo <command> with:

echo -e $PASSWD | sudo -S <command>

This is based on Eric Carvalho's excellent answer. I am posting it to elaborate on the problem I encountered. Specifically, when using this the usual sudo timeout (e.g., 15 minutes) is lost. My script, which has over 50 sudo commands now prompts for the user's password 50+ times!

Here are full working example of all parts of the solution. It consists of a bash script, a "myaskpass" script as Eric suggested, and a ".desktop" file. The whole things should be 100% GUI (no terminal interaction at all), so the .desktop file is essential (afaik).

$ cat myaskpass.sh 
#!/bin/bash
kdialog --password "Please enter your password: "
exit 0


$ cat askpasstest1.desktop 
#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open
[Desktop Entry]
Comment=SUDO_ASKPASS tester1
Exec=bash /home/user/test/askpasstest1.sh
GenericName=SUDO_ASKPASS tester1
Name=SUDO_ASKPASS tester1
NoDisplay=false
Path[$e]=
StartupNotify=true
Terminal=false
TerminalOptions=
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Utility;
X-KDE-SubstituteUID=false
X-KDE-Username=

And a test script itself. This one will ask for your password twice when using this solution. (Normally, it would ask only once due to the default sudo timeout.)

#!/bin/bash

sudo -k
SUDO_ASKPASS="/home/user/test/myaskpass.sh" sudo -A touch filemadeas_askpass1
touch filemadeas_regularuser1
SUDO_ASKPASS="/home/user/test/myaskpass.sh" sudo -A touch filemadeas_askpass2
touch filemadeas_regularuser2
ls -la filemadeas* > /home/user/test/fma.log
kdialog --title "Files Created" --textbox /home/user/test/fma.log 640 480
sudo rm filemadeas_*
rm fma.log

exit 0

The following script works via command line, desktop file or double-click, asks for the password only once, and the command pattern sudo -Sp '' <your command here> <<<${sudo_password} can be used multiple times anywhere in the file:

    # get sudo password
    sudo_password=$( gksudo --print-pass --message="Provide permission to make system changes: Type your password or press Cancel." -- : 2>/dev/null )
    # check for null entry or cancellation
    if [[ ${?} != 0 || -z ${sudo_password} ]]
    then
        exit 4
    fi
    if ! sudo -kSp '' [ 1 ] <<<${sudo_password} 2>/dev/null
    then
        exit 4
    fi
    # command
    sudo -Sp '' gedit "/etc/hosts" <<<${sudo_password}