But they're persistent. I've tried synaptic, dpkg --purge, and apt remove, bikeshed's purge-old-kernels, and several scripts for removal in other question-answers. All these commands think the old kernels and headers are gone.
Still have 4.4-30,43,45, and 4.8-30,43,45.
Am I just dumb? I can't figure out how to banish these old kernels
ls -l /boot
total 235049
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1443149 Apr 6 12:28 abi-4.10.0-19-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1242701 Oct 12 2016 abi-4.4.0-43-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1242701 Oct 19 12:34 abi-4.4.0-45-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1407739 Dec 1 11:02 abi-4.8.0-30-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 204918 Apr 6 12:28 config-4.10.0-19-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 189760 Oct 12 2016 config-4.4.0-43-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 189760 Oct 19 12:34 config-4.4.0-45-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 199485 Dec 1 11:02 config-4.8.0-30-generic
drwx------ 3 root root 1024 Dec 31 1969 efi
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Apr 19 00:43 grub
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 43128920 Apr 11 00:19 initrd.img-4.10.0-19-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 37850493 Oct 18 2016 initrd.img-4.4.0-43-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 37852358 Oct 20 12:50 initrd.img-4.4.0-45-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41316093 Dec 24 22:49 initrd.img-4.8.0-30-generic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 182704 Jan 28 2016 memtest86+.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 184380 Jan 28 2016 memtest86+.elf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 184840 Jan 28 2016 memtest86+_multiboot.bin
-rw------- 1 root root 3718456 Apr 6 12:28 System.map-4.10.0-19-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 3869895 Oct 12 2016 System.map-4.4.0-43-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 3869895 Oct 19 12:34 System.map-4.4.0-45-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 4060223 Dec 1 11:02 System.map-4.8.0-30-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 7567120 Apr 6 12:28 vmlinuz-4.10.0-19-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 7569048 Apr 10 19:36 vmlinuz-4.10.0-19-generic.efi.signed
-rw------- 1 root root 7053568 Oct 12 2016 vmlinuz-4.4.0-43-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 7055480 Oct 17 2016 vmlinuz-4.4.0-43-generic.efi.signed
-rw------- 1 root root 7054208 Oct 19 12:34 vmlinuz-4.4.0-45-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 7056120 Oct 20 12:50 vmlinuz-4.4.0-45-generic.efi.signed
-rw------- 1 root root 7464736 Dec 1 11:02 vmlinuz-4.8.0-30-generic
-rw------- 1 root root 7466648 Dec 6 01:23 vmlinuz-4.8.0-30-generic.efi.signed
I am assuming that you want to keep 4.10 and remove everything else.
Make sure that you are running 4.10 and simply do