I've been able to configure my Brother HL-1212W to print via USB cable without much problem.
The printer is not connected to the wireless network, but it is capable of it. I'd like to do the full configuration from Ubuntu (setting up the name and password of the wireless connection included)
I am running ubuntu 16.04
This link made everything work: instructions; instructions backup link, with one unfortunate exception (see end of the answer)
To get the printer to work wirelessly:
gunzip file
from the command line interface).sudo bash file
)Unfortunately, according to the link, the initial setup that connects the printer to your wi-fi router has to be done via windows.
Go to the router and press the WPS or AOSS button until the light start to blink, go to the printer and press the translucid button until the light start to blink faster. After a moment the printer will print a page to show the success of the internet connection. I didn't install anything, just go to the settings, printers, add the printer and start to print.
I don't but if you need you can go to the support.brother.com page and follow the instructions for the ''Driver Install Tool''.
So yes, it is possible to connect the printer to the WiFi without Windows.
Brother lists its troubleshooting documents for the HL-1212W here.
https://support.brother.com/g/b/faqlist.aspx?c=us_ot&lang=en&prod=hl1212w_us_eu&ftype3=2039
I tried in the past to configure monochrome laser printers from Brother using wireless. I remember that you have to plug the USB cable to the printer and a computer while doing the network configuration, but I always just used a connected laptop when I wanted to print.