Generally, the less programs you have loading on bootup, the faster your system should be. Try BUM (from software center) to disable some unneeded services, and also ensure you don't have any unnecessary programs installed that will be loaded when booting. Finally, using a solid state drive (SSD) as your boot device should significantly improve bootime.
Oh one more thing, your filesystem type makes a difference as well. EXT4 has suffered some performance regressions (according to phoronix) but I've still found EXT4 to be great for booting fast.
Improving boot time is highly related with disabling/managing service, but the current answers lack details in disabling services which uses systemd.
What is systemd?
In short, systemd is a system and service manager for Linux, compatible with SysV and LSB init scripts. More about this can be read from official project page.
Check which services takes most time
Use the following command to check which service takes most of time
systemd-analyze blame
Disabling auto-start of services during boot
If you want to disable auto-starting of services during boot you can use the following command
Note: Replace some-time-eater-service.service with actual service name like [email protected].
Note that, disabling auto-start doesn't make a service non-startable. The service can be started after boot when requirement arises. If you want to completely disable it, read the next section
Disabling services completely.
If you want to completely disable a service so that it can't be started, you should use mask instead of disable. Like this
sudo systemctl mask <SERVICE-NAME>
Replace the <SERVICE-NAME> with actual name of a service
The difference between mask and disable is mask make a service completely disable, you can't start it. You must unmask to start it with systemd (you can still start with service). But disable simply disable auto-start of a service, you can start it later.
For example, After masking my [email protected] service, when I wanted to start it with systemctl the following message is shown
One GUI Tool I particularly find interesting is systemd-manager, it is still in development stage and hasn't been made it's path to Official Ubuntu repository. However, you can install it very easily from Systemd-Manager's github page. The releases contain a .deb package, which is very easy to install. You need GTK-3.16 or higher though.
Once you download and install, you can start it with systemd-manager command. Start it.
The application has two main view. One is Systemd Units and other one is Systemd Analyze. You can switch it with the label in top-left corner. See the screenshot.
And There are three types of units you can manage. Servcies, Sockets and Timers. You can switch between them. See the screenshot.
Displaying Information
The three main tabs are Files, Journal, Dependencies.
Files is the selected unit's configuration file.
Journal is the live systemd's output while enabling/disabling/starting/stopping units
Dependencies shows what other services or units must be enabled to start a selected service.
Status Indicators
There are two columns beside the name of units to indicate the Status. Left one indicates whether that unit is enabled to start at boot and the right one indicates whether that unit is currently running. See them in picture.
Control Switches
To toogle enabled-at-boot or running status, there are two toogle buttons at the top-right corner.
Enabled means the units will start and boot. See them in picture.
The complete view of the application is shown below
Hope this will help. I get benefited from other answers about systemd, but really needed to gather the information in one Place.
More information:
To know more about systemd you can visit these links:
Other answers have different suggestions. Including buying SSD, increasing RAM etc. If you can afford, those will definitely help, particularly the SSD suggestion.
Switch from a magnetic drive to a Solid State Drive, or a Magnetic & Solid State Hybrid drive. That will make any OS boot a lot faster. Hybrid drives are not that much more expensive. If you don't want to go that far, then just get a 7200 or 10K RPM hard drive.
I assume you're talking about Ubuntu 11.04? I have been trying this for a pretty long time now without much success. These steps made a few seconds difference:
ONLY DO THIS IF YOU ARE SURE YOUR COMPUTER HAS MULTIPLE CPUs / CORES!
Open /etc/init.d/rc (you'll need root privileges) and replace CONCURRENCY=none by CONCURRENCY=shell. Then save the file.
Update: "CONCURRENCY=shell is now obsolete and is aliased to 'makefile'. Since 2010-05-14 the default has been 'makefile'."* ~Jonathon
Disabling unneeded daemons
This is a bit more advanced, so best not to do it if you don't know what this means.
Install bum, and start it with root privileges. Then just untick the boxes in front of the daemons you are sure you don't need. For instance, when you don't have a scanner, you can disable saned. And if you never use bluetooth, you can disable bluetooth as well.
When you're done, click the Apply button and click either yes or no (it doesn't matter much).
After completing these steps, reboot twice. For some reason the first reboot after changing all these options takes much longer than the other ones, but you should notice some difference during the second reboot.
Use bootchart to produce detailed graphs of what takes time during boot. It might help in deciding what to tweak or remove. From https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BootCharting :
Install the bootchart and pybootchartgui packages, either through apt-get or Synaptic
Reboot your machine
The bootchart is in /var/log/bootchart as a .png file
My machine booted WAY faster if I did an alternate install and added the GUI packages manually. Of course, it just strips out things I don't need that I am capable of adding myself. If you are going to come back with "how do I compile/install X,Y, and Z apps" this might not be a good idea.
For anybody else struggling with this, just install BUM and start it s a root user (be careful to use gksudo instead of normal sudo).
Then un-check the service you want to disable (I disabled Apache2, PostGreSQL daemon, MySQL, virtual box et al) and that is it! You can delete the service completely if you don't want it it there but disabling it is more than enough.
Edit 25.10.2016: If you are not going to use hibernation because you can't or you prefer suspend/S3 then you can disable it in Grub by adding noresume to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT in /etc/default/grub and run update-grub. Here is an example on a Chromebook N22 running GalliumOS:
I found this because I was curious about the "Running scripts local-premount" part during boot and investigated a bit in initramfs which led me to this option which I previously only used when my system couldn't wake up from hibernation.
Edit 06.08.2016: You should update to a recent version of your Linux distribution that comes with systemd.
Ingredients:
Get a UEFI system with bloat free UEFI code or Coreboot
Get a SSD
Install Ubuntu in UEFI mode
Bonus: Compress initramfs with xz lzop and only include the modules needed. (You should really know what you're doing before attempting to do that.)
Bonus: Remove unnecessary daemons or configure them to start up faster. Though the default install is already good enough.
Example: btrfs' init job that is looking for pools to mount while there are no btrfs volumes on this device. This made me remove btrfs-tools from some of my installations.
I have to say 32 seconds is actually good enough. It won't get much faster with traditional hardware. My new Lenovo T530 takes the same amount of time to boot in legacy mode. With the new micro SSD I recently installed and Ubuntu in UEFI mode it is down to 15 seconds from pressing the power button to login. It still feels like it is wasting 5 seconds during post, but it is absolutely not wasting time starting the actual operating system. The micro SSD has transfer speeds of 280 MB/s, may be a 500 MB/s SSD might make it to 7 seconds. But it is really up to manufacturers to reduce pre OS boot time (POST and what not).
Regarding boot profiling and shell concurrency. Those information can be seen as dated or eventually myth. I remember that automatic boot profiling or something that made boot profiling absolutely superfluous was added to Linux or the core system years ago, since then I didn't used boot profiling anymore after a new kernel package was installed. The shell concurrency setting was said to break things, but with Systemd and Upstart it should be superfluous too, and should have no positive effect.
Generally, the less programs you have loading on bootup, the faster your system should be. Try BUM (from software center) to disable some unneeded services, and also ensure you don't have any unnecessary programs installed that will be loaded when booting. Finally, using a solid state drive (SSD) as your boot device should significantly improve bootime.
Oh one more thing, your filesystem type makes a difference as well. EXT4 has suffered some performance regressions (according to phoronix) but I've still found EXT4 to be great for booting fast.
Improving boot time is highly related with disabling/managing service, but the current answers lack details in disabling services which uses
systemd.What is systemd?
In short, systemd is a system and service manager for Linux, compatible with SysV and LSB init scripts. More about this can be read from official project page.
Check which services takes most time
Use the following command to check which service takes most of time
Disabling auto-start of services during boot
If you want to disable auto-starting of services during boot you can use the following command
However, you might want to see which other services needs the service in question. To check use the following command
Note: Replace
some-time-eater-service.servicewith actual service name like[email protected].Note that, disabling auto-start doesn't make a service non-startable. The service can be started after boot when requirement arises. If you want to completely disable it, read the next section
Disabling services completely.
If you want to completely disable a service so that it can't be started, you should use
maskinstead of disable. Like thisReplace the
<SERVICE-NAME>with actual name of a serviceThe difference between
maskanddisableis mask make a service completely disable, you can't start it. You mustunmaskto start it with systemd (you can still start withservice). Butdisablesimply disable auto-start of a service, you can start it later.For example, After masking my
[email protected]service, when I wanted to start it withsystemctlthe following message is shownGUI Tool
One GUI Tool I particularly find interesting is
systemd-manager, it is still in development stage and hasn't been made it's path to Official Ubuntu repository. However, you can install it very easily from Systemd-Manager's github page. The releases contain a .deb package, which is very easy to install. You need GTK-3.16 or higher though.Once you download and install, you can start it with
systemd-managercommand. Start it.The application has two main view. One is Systemd Units and other one is Systemd Analyze. You can switch it with the label in top-left corner. See the screenshot.
And There are three types of units you can manage. Servcies, Sockets and Timers. You can switch between them. See the screenshot.
Displaying Information
The three main tabs are Files, Journal, Dependencies.
Status Indicators
There are two columns beside the name of units to indicate the Status. Left one indicates whether that unit is enabled to start at boot and the right one indicates whether that unit is currently running. See them in picture.
Control Switches
To toogle enabled-at-boot or running status, there are two toogle buttons at the top-right corner. Enabled means the units will start and boot. See them in picture.
The complete view of the application is shown below
Hope this will help. I get benefited from other answers about systemd, but really needed to gather the information in one Place.
More information:
To know more about
systemdyou can visit these links:Other Suggestions
Other answers have different suggestions. Including buying SSD, increasing RAM etc. If you can afford, those will definitely help, particularly the SSD suggestion.
I just ran across this the other day. Its "e4rat" Instructions Here
This little app is amazing.
I took an overtired single processor AMD sempron running at 2800+ which normaly boots Natty at 1.45 mins to 27.885 secs.
I have the boot-charts to prove it. Its crazy!
Switch from a magnetic drive to a Solid State Drive, or a Magnetic & Solid State Hybrid drive. That will make any OS boot a lot faster. Hybrid drives are not that much more expensive. If you don't want to go that far, then just get a 7200 or 10K RPM hard drive.
I assume you're talking about Ubuntu 11.04? I have been trying this for a pretty long time now without much success. These steps made a few seconds difference:
Removing unneeded packages
Using both cores/CPUs during the boot process
ONLY DO THIS IF YOU ARE SURE YOUR COMPUTER HAS MULTIPLE CPUs / CORES!
Open
/etc/init.d/rc(you'll need root privileges) and replaceCONCURRENCY=nonebyCONCURRENCY=shell. Then save the file.Update: "CONCURRENCY=shell is now obsolete and is aliased to 'makefile'. Since 2010-05-14 the default has been 'makefile'."* ~Jonathon
Disabling unneeded daemons
This is a bit more advanced, so best not to do it if you don't know what this means.
Install
bum, and start it with root privileges. Then just untick the boxes in front of the daemons you are sure you don't need. For instance, when you don't have a scanner, you can disablesaned. And if you never use bluetooth, you can disablebluetoothas well.When you're done, click the Apply button and click either yes or no (it doesn't matter much).
After completing these steps, reboot twice. For some reason the first reboot after changing all these options takes much longer than the other ones, but you should notice some difference during the second reboot.
Use bootchart to produce detailed graphs of what takes time during boot. It might help in deciding what to tweak or remove. From https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BootCharting :
My machine booted WAY faster if I did an alternate install and added the GUI packages manually. Of course, it just strips out things I don't need that I am capable of adding myself. If you are going to come back with "how do I compile/install X,Y, and Z apps" this might not be a good idea.
For anybody else struggling with this, just install BUM and start it s a root user (be careful to use gksudo instead of normal sudo). Then un-check the service you want to disable (I disabled Apache2, PostGreSQL daemon, MySQL, virtual box et al) and that is it! You can delete the service completely if you don't want it it there but disabling it is more than enough.
Try editing the "/etc/default/grub" file, like most blogs are pointing at. You probably know that one. First adding word "profile", then rebooting, then removing "profile" then rebooting again... it really does improve boot speed. Here is one example: http://lgjsheron.wordpress.com/2010/07/06/how-to-speed-up-boot-of-ubuntu-10-04-lucid-lynx/
Edit 25.10.2016: If you are not going to use hibernation because you can't or you prefer suspend/S3 then you can disable it in Grub by adding
noresumetoGRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULTin/etc/default/gruband runupdate-grub. Here is an example on a Chromebook N22 running GalliumOS:I found this because I was curious about the "Running scripts local-premount" part during boot and investigated a bit in initramfs which led me to this option which I previously only used when my system couldn't wake up from hibernation.
Edit 06.08.2016: You should update to a recent version of your Linux distribution that comes with systemd.
Ingredients:
xzlzop and only include the modules needed. (You should really know what you're doing before attempting to do that.)I have to say 32 seconds is actually good enough. It won't get much faster with traditional hardware. My new Lenovo T530 takes the same amount of time to boot in legacy mode. With the new micro SSD I recently installed and Ubuntu in UEFI mode it is down to 15 seconds from pressing the power button to login. It still feels like it is wasting 5 seconds during post, but it is absolutely not wasting time starting the actual operating system. The micro SSD has transfer speeds of 280 MB/s, may be a 500 MB/s SSD might make it to 7 seconds. But it is really up to manufacturers to reduce pre OS boot time (POST and what not).
Regarding boot profiling and shell concurrency. Those information can be seen as dated or eventually myth. I remember that automatic boot profiling or something that made boot profiling absolutely superfluous was added to Linux or the core system years ago, since then I didn't used boot profiling anymore after a new kernel package was installed. The shell concurrency setting was said to break things, but with Systemd and Upstart it should be superfluous too, and should have no positive effect.