I've bought Dell Vostro 14 5480 with preinstalled Ubuntu 14.04, reinstalled it to newer 18.10 and faced unpleasant issue - very low volume with bad quality on max settings. First time I see such thing on laptop with Linux and I'm very disappointed. If I plug in headphones - it is ok, good quality, good volume.
Here is alsamixer screenshot - seems that everything related is on max settings:
You're not going to like this as the workaround below allows you to get good sound from your speakers by allowing the subwoofer, but will disable your headphones:
:-(
Install alsa tools:
Open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T and type:
In the window that opens, select the codec
Realtek ALC290
Headphone, Left side
Stop PulseAudio because if don't, applying settings will fail because of
device busy
(at least it is so for 19.04)Click Apply now
Start PulseAudio again
If you want to get headphones back, go back to step 2 and:
Uncheck Override in step 5
or
Click Remove boot override.
Source
If you are using the Intel audio SOF driver then you cannot use the hdajackretask to tune pins in order to increase the volume. (hdajackretask works only with legacy intel audio driver).
So, for the Intel audio SOF driver: Just start "alsamixer" with sudo and you'll see much more volume controls comparing to what you can see if you run it under the non-root user. Increase the volume of (most of) these levels like Headphone, Speaker, PGA, and the speakers' volume should become louder.