Questions[flask](ubuntu)

I am experiencing a very strange problem. I made a website and I am having a problem with the backend. It's running on an Ubuntu 18.04 server. The backend is written in Python and Flask (a micro web framework). I have set up Nginx and Gunicorn as it is not recommended to use Flask's built-in development server.

I have set up Nginx and Gunicorn correctly using this guide. This is not the problem. My website is an audio converter which uses FFmpeg and various encoders such as LAME. So it requires commands to be run in the Terminal. As an example, when Python tries to do:

os.system('wine ~/.wine/drive_c/ffmpeg.exe -i "1.wav" -ac 2 -vn -f wav - | lame -b 320 - "12345".mp3')

I see the following error in the logs:

gunicorn[2311]: sh: 1: lame: not found
gunicorn[2311]: sh: 1: wine: not found

I have even tried using subprocess instead of os.system, using the following command:

subprocess.run('wine ~/.wine/drive_c/ffmpeg.exe -i "1.wav" -ac 2 -vn -f wav - | lame -b 320 - "12345".mp3', shell=True)

But I get the same errors.

The thing is, lame and wine can be accessed fine. And to prove my point, if I run the EXACT same command directly in the Terminal, i.e.:

wine ~/.wine/drive_c/ffmpeg.exe -i "1.wav" -ac 2 -vn -f wav - | lame -b 320 - "12345".mp3

I get no errors and the 1.wav file successfully gets converted to MP3.

Why am I getting those errors when Python tries to run those commands?

**EDIT: I've been thinking and maybe this is the issue: Gunicorn was set up in a virtual environment as I followed this tutorial. LAME and Wine might not installed in the virtual environment? Maybe that's why when I run my Python/Flask app with Gunicorn, it doesn't know what they are? Is there a way I can check whether this is the case?

I have a flaskapp, deployed using nginx as proxy server and gunicorn. I have several routes defined in the Flask python script, except they aren't accessible.

When using development server, however, they work just fine.

All routes except the base url ("/") return 404 nginx page, so I'm assuming there's something with nginx, but I found nothing that could help me with it.

How to configure nginx to accept these routes and use the one defined in flaskApp?

I have installed "uwsgi" using pip method. But when I run uwsgi, I'm getting "Command 'uwsgi' not found, but can be installed with" error. If I again try to install using pip, I'm getting

Collecting uwsgi
Installing collected packages: uwsgi
Successfully installed uwsgi-2.0.18

which means it's already been installed.

What else am I missing out here. Thank you.

I'm new to Apache2, so bear with me.

I followed this tutorial to get HTTPS working with a Flask server.

I keep getting the same output when I run the apache2 command:

[Wed Nov 28 01:42:32.210442 2018] [core:warn] [pid 1184] AH00111: Config variable ${APACHE_PID_FILE} is not defined
[Wed Nov 28 01:42:32.210921 2018] [core:warn] [pid 1184] AH00111: Config variable ${APACHE_RUN_USER} is not defined
[Wed Nov 28 01:42:32.211029 2018] [core:warn] [pid 1184] AH00111: Config variable ${APACHE_RUN_GROUP} is not defined
[Wed Nov 28 01:42:32.211138 2018] [core:warn] [pid 1184] AH00111: Config variable ${APACHE_LOG_DIR} is not defined
[Wed Nov 28 01:42:32.219990 2018] [core:warn] [pid 1184:tid 139772922629056] AH00111: Config variable ${APACHE_RUN_DIR} is not defined
[Wed Nov 28 01:42:32.220662 2018] [core:warn] [pid 1184:tid 139772922629056] AH00111: Config variable ${APACHE_LOG_DIR} is not defined
[Wed Nov 28 01:42:32.221009 2018] [core:warn] [pid 1184:tid 139772922629056] AH00111: Config variable ${APACHE_LOG_DIR} is not defined
[Wed Nov 28 01:42:32.221106 2018] [core:warn] [pid 1184:tid 139772922629056] AH00111: Config variable ${APACHE_LOG_DIR} is not defined
[Wed Nov 28 01:42:32.221304 2018] [core:warn] [pid 1184:tid 139772922629056] AH00111: Config variable ${APACHE_LOG_DIR} is not defined
[Wed Nov 28 01:42:32.221421 2018] [core:warn] [pid 1184:tid 139772922629056] AH00111: Config variable ${APACHE_LOG_DIR} is not defined
[Wed Nov 28 01:42:32.221710 2018] [core:warn] [pid 1184:tid 139772922629056] AH00111: Config variable ${APACHE_LOG_DIR} is not defined
[Wed Nov 28 01:42:32.221808 2018] [core:warn] [pid 1184:tid 139772922629056] AH00111: Config variable ${APACHE_LOG_DIR} is not defined
AH00543: apache2: bad user name ${APACHE_RUN_USER}

I've tried multiple other StackOverflow, AskUbuntu, and ServerFault questions, and none of them have helped. I'm stuck and I don't know what to do. I will edit the question to what is needed from other people (such as code or something from a conf file)

Any and all help is appreciated.

EDIT: I went to the unsecure (not-https) IP and I got the generic Apache "It works!" page. If I go to the secure (https) domain, I get a 500 Internal Server Error.

EDIT2: Here is my current VirtualHost file:

<VirtualHost *:80>
 ServerName xerix.me
 ServerAlias www.xerix.me
 ServerAdmin [email protected]
 WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/cf/cf.wsgi
 <Directory /var/www/cf/cf/>
         Order allow,deny
         Allow from all
 </Directory>
 Alias /static /var/www/cf/cf/static
 <Directory /var/www/cf/cf/static/>
         Order allow,deny
         Allow from all
 </Directory>
 ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
 LogLevel warn
 CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{SERVER_NAME} =xerix.me [OR]
RewriteCond %{SERVER_NAME} =www.xerix.me
RewriteRule ^ https://%{SERVER_NAME}%{REQUEST_URI} [END,NE,R=permanent]
</VirtualHost>

EDIT3:

Nov 28 01:50:34 xerix systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
-- Subject: Unit apache2.service has begun start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
-- 
-- Unit apache2.service has begun starting up.
Nov 28 01:50:34 xerix systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
-- Subject: Unit apache2.service has finished start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
-- 
-- Unit apache2.service has finished starting up.
-- 
-- The start-up result is RESULT.

EDIT4:

[Wed Nov 28 02:43:15.319965 2018] [wsgi:error] [pid 2078:tid 139635571181312] [client :40218] Traceback (most recent call last):, referer: https://xerix.me/
[Wed Nov 28 02:43:15.320002 2018] [wsgi:error] [pid 2078:tid 139635571181312] [client :40218]   File "/var/www/cf/cf.wsgi", line 7, in <module>, referer: https://xerix.me/
[Wed Nov 28 02:43:15.320215 2018] [wsgi:error] [pid 2078:tid 139635571181312] [client :40218]     from cf import app as application, referer: https://xerix.me/
[Wed Nov 28 02:43:15.320252 2018] [wsgi:error] [pid 2078:tid 139635571181312] [client :40218] ImportError: cannot import name app, referer: https://xerix.me/

Thanks!

I'm trying to run a Flask application via HTTPS on Gunicorn.

Up to now I have been running it successfully via HTTP using a command like the following:

gunicorn --workers=4 "program.__main__:WSGI()" --bind=0.0.0.0:8080

Now I am trying to run it via HTTPS using a command like the following:

gunicorn --workers=4 "program.__main__:WSGI()" --bind=0.0.0.0:443 --certfile=fullchain.pem --keyfile=privkey.pem

When I run this as a normal user, I get output like the following:

[2018-08-13 21:26:28 +0000] [15170] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 19.9.0
[2018-08-13 21:26:28 +0000] [15170] [ERROR] Retrying in 1 second.
[2018-08-13 21:26:29 +0000] [15170] [ERROR] Retrying in 1 second.
[2018-08-13 21:26:30 +0000] [15170] [ERROR] Retrying in 1 second.
[2018-08-13 21:26:31 +0000] [15170] [ERROR] Retrying in 1 second.
[2018-08-13 21:26:32 +0000] [15170] [ERROR] Retrying in 1 second.
[2018-08-13 21:26:33 +0000] [15170] [ERROR] Can't connect to ('0.0.0.0', 443)

As root, it works, but I'm disinclined to run a web server as root. How should I run this securely?