I am using Xubuntu 22.04 with Firefox installed as a snap.
When I upload files to a site, the browser doesn't remember the last upload path. When I need to upload many files, I have to go through the path every time.
The file picker opens showing "Recent Files" every time.
It is very inconvenient if I want to attach many files. I have to browse to the directory each time.
Is there any setting to fix it?
I recently upgraded VirtualBox to version 6.1.
I have a few Ubuntu virtual machines. The host is Ubuntu 18.04 with btrfs filesystem with COW disabled on the directory where the machines are stored. The directory is stored on a HDD.
Since the ugrade to VB 6.1 apt upgrade started working incredibly slow. Especialy on unpacking linux-headers packages. It can take 20-30 minutes to unpack, and the HDD is working with a weird sound.
Is my HDD close to death, or btrfs is bad for this purpose?
Modern Ubuntu versions are using a swap file instead of a swap partition by default.
Before the 5.0 Linux kernel it was not possible to place a swap file on a btrfs partition, btrfs file system could be damaged.
Now kernels support swap files on btrfs partitions. Can I use a swap file on Ubuntu installed on btrfs and what are possible problems?
I am running
apt-get source linux-image-4.15.0-60-generic
and get
Picking 'linux-signed-hwe' as source package instead of 'linux-image-4.15.0-60-generic'
And I don't get the real source code. Why does this happen and how do I get the real source?
pilot6@Pilot6:~$ apt-cache showsrc linux-signed-hwe
Package: linux-signed-hwe
Format: 3.0 (native)
Binary: linux-image-4.15.0-60-generic, linux-image-4.15.0-60-lowlatency, kernel-signed-image-4.15.0-60-generic-di, linux-image-4.15.0-60-generic-dbgsym, linux-image-4.15.0-60-lowlatency-dbgsym
Architecture: amd64 ppc64el
Version: 4.15.0-60.67~16.04.1
Priority: optional
Section: utils
Maintainer: Canonical Kernel Team <[email protected]>
Standards-Version: 3.9.4
Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 9), lsb-release, python3, python3-apt, sbsigntool [amd64], linux-headers-4.15.0-60-generic (>= 4.15.0-60.67~16.04.1)
Directory: pool/main/l/linux-signed-hwe
Package-List:
kernel-signed-image-4.15.0-60-generic-di udeb debian-installer extra arch=amd64,ppc64el
linux-image-4.15.0-60-generic deb kernel optional arch=amd64,ppc64el
linux-image-4.15.0-60-generic-dbgsym deb devel optional arch=amd64,ppc64el
linux-image-4.15.0-60-lowlatency deb kernel optional arch=amd64
linux-image-4.15.0-60-lowlatency-dbgsym deb devel optional arch=amd64
Files:
d17babc710762248deb90096e5ac6ce8 1829 linux-signed-hwe_4.15.0-60.67~16.04.1.dsc
21c183f3c7033bc442f3153cb5b15161 10728 linux-signed-hwe_4.15.0-60.67~16.04.1.tar.xz
Checksums-Sha1:
84f7c9f9de4635d50dd9f18e4bcfd269169b6eaf 1829 linux-signed-hwe_4.15.0-60.67~16.04.1.dsc
1bde8d27dedba104b8d9c193e39b3fb642d62004 10728 linux-signed-hwe_4.15.0-60.67~16.04.1.tar.xz
Checksums-Sha256:
61bb3466b3d4f9fbab4894997ee539a0ccfe3ff0990478b1825a17a59851eabb 1829 linux-signed-hwe_4.15.0-60.67~16.04.1.dsc
5ea5107afd5ae63430a5211c666362293d32ae75a5840cfb0e5549e5ce0326ad 10728 linux-signed-hwe_4.15.0-60.67~16.04.1.tar.xz
pilot6@Pilot6:~$ apt-cache showsrc linux-image-4.15.0-60-generic
Package: linux-signed-hwe
Format: 3.0 (native)
Binary: linux-image-4.15.0-60-generic, linux-image-4.15.0-60-lowlatency, kernel-signed-image-4.15.0-60-generic-di, linux-image-4.15.0-60-generic-dbgsym, linux-image-4.15.0-60-lowlatency-dbgsym
Architecture: amd64 ppc64el
Version: 4.15.0-60.67~16.04.1
Priority: optional
Section: utils
Maintainer: Canonical Kernel Team <[email protected]>
Standards-Version: 3.9.4
Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 9), lsb-release, python3, python3-apt, sbsigntool [amd64], linux-headers-4.15.0-60-generic (>= 4.15.0-60.67~16.04.1)
Directory: pool/main/l/linux-signed-hwe
Package-List:
kernel-signed-image-4.15.0-60-generic-di udeb debian-installer extra arch=amd64,ppc64el
linux-image-4.15.0-60-generic deb kernel optional arch=amd64,ppc64el
linux-image-4.15.0-60-generic-dbgsym deb devel optional arch=amd64,ppc64el
linux-image-4.15.0-60-lowlatency deb kernel optional arch=amd64
linux-image-4.15.0-60-lowlatency-dbgsym deb devel optional arch=amd64
Files:
d17babc710762248deb90096e5ac6ce8 1829 linux-signed-hwe_4.15.0-60.67~16.04.1.dsc
21c183f3c7033bc442f3153cb5b15161 10728 linux-signed-hwe_4.15.0-60.67~16.04.1.tar.xz
Checksums-Sha1:
84f7c9f9de4635d50dd9f18e4bcfd269169b6eaf 1829 linux-signed-hwe_4.15.0-60.67~16.04.1.dsc
1bde8d27dedba104b8d9c193e39b3fb642d62004 10728 linux-signed-hwe_4.15.0-60.67~16.04.1.tar.xz
Checksums-Sha256:
61bb3466b3d4f9fbab4894997ee539a0ccfe3ff0990478b1825a17a59851eabb 1829 linux-signed-hwe_4.15.0-60.67~16.04.1.dsc
5ea5107afd5ae63430a5211c666362293d32ae75a5840cfb0e5549e5ce0326ad 10728 linux-signed-hwe_4.15.0-60.67~16.04.1.tar.xz
pilot6@Pilot6:~$ grep deb /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb-src http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb-src http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb-src http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb-src http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb-src http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb-src http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb-src http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse
deb-src http://ru.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
I have Ubuntu 18.04 installed on a UEFI system with /boot on a btrfs partition (subvol=@).
Because of recent changes in Ubuntu I always get grub timeout 30 sec. This is by design if /boot is on a btrfs partition.
Part of /grub.cfg
function recordfail {
set recordfail=1
# GRUB lacks write support for btrfs, so recordfail support is disabled.
}
...
if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ] ; then
set timeout=30
I think that if I create a separate ext2 /boot partition the problem will be solved.
The question is if the above assumption is correct, how do I move boot from a btrfs subvol to an ext2 partition?
Bash doesn't have a goto operator. I have a simple task, and I can't figure out how to solve it without goto or adding a new proc, and that is undesireable.
I have two conditions and a block of code that should work this way:
[ condition 1 ] if true run some commands and check [ condidion 2 ]; if false exec a block of code.
[ condition 2 ] if true don't exec the same block of code; if false do execute the same block.
Is it solvable, or I have to define some proc and use exit there? I used a flag var, but I don't like it.
With goto available it would look this way:
[ cond 1 ] || goto label 1
command
...
command
[ cond 2 ] && goto label 2
:label 1
block of code
:label 2
Something like that.
We have a serious problem with new installations on laptops that have only a wireless network device requiring some network drivers, like bcmwl-kernel-source.
Many laptops don't have an Ethenet port nowadays.
There is no build-essential in a default installation. So we can't install a dkms module or build anything from source.
The only way is to manually download very many packages required to install build-essential and install them manually using dpkg.
Is there any other way that an ordinary user can go with?
This question arose from this question.
I suggested to install xenial that has build-essential by default.
If there is no other Ubuntu installation available, suggesting something like apt-offline doesn't seem to be good enough.
It looks like all the required packages are provided on the installation media (pool directory). If anyone could suggest a script or any other simple way to download and install them all, it would be a great answer.
When I run ubuntu-bug or apport-collect an udevdb.txt file listing all devices is uploaded to Launchpad.
How can I get this file without using Launchpad?
Mozilla announced that NPAPI will not be supported since the released version 52. This means that Java will not be supported either.
Chromium based browsers do not support java for some time already.
At java.com they suggest using Internet Explorer or Safari.
I am using a Java app to sign banking documents. Is there any way to use Java in Ubuntu?
I need a program that can manage files on a remote device running Linux using SCP. The remote device runs OpenWrt. On Windows there is a perfect one WinSCP. it is weird that there is no native program that can be used.
The program should be able to:
I have found only one alternative, except using CLI and installing WinSCP with wine.
It is Midnight Commander with fish. It works really poor. The problems are:
~ on a remote device and on the computer.There is a lot of other annoying problems that makes it almost unusable. I gave up using mc and now I am using pure shell on the remote device.
Please do not tell me that Nautilus, etc support these features. They don't!!!
Linux native file managers require SFTP that is not available on the remote device.
Maybe it is possible to get nautilus use SCP, but I did not find a way of doing it without changing sources.
I have a specific requirement that is not covered in the duplicate question.
If it is not possible on Ubuntu, then this could be an answer.
I have a 16.04 installation with a weird problem
sudo apt autoremove
removes old kernels except the current and a previous, but does not remove old headers.
On other 16.04 installations it removes both.
How can I find out what is wrong?
I've spent a lot of time on learning how kernel autoremove works, but did not find any differences between working and non-working machines.
pilot6@Pilot6:~$ cat /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/01autoremove-kernels
// DO NOT EDIT! File autogenerated by /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal
APT::NeverAutoRemove
{
"^linux-image-4\.4\.0-38-generic$";
"^linux-image-4\.4\.0-42-generic$";
"^linux-image-4\.4\.0-43-generic$";
"^linux-headers-4\.4\.0-38-generic$";
"^linux-headers-4\.4\.0-42-generic$";
"^linux-headers-4\.4\.0-43-generic$";
"^linux-image-extra-4\.4\.0-38-generic$";
"^linux-image-extra-4\.4\.0-42-generic$";
"^linux-image-extra-4\.4\.0-43-generic$";
"^linux-signed-image-4\.4\.0-38-generic$";
"^linux-signed-image-4\.4\.0-42-generic$";
"^linux-signed-image-4\.4\.0-43-generic$";
"^kfreebsd-image-4\.4\.0-38-generic$";
"^kfreebsd-image-4\.4\.0-42-generic$";
"^kfreebsd-image-4\.4\.0-43-generic$";
"^kfreebsd-headers-4\.4\.0-38-generic$";
"^kfreebsd-headers-4\.4\.0-42-generic$";
"^kfreebsd-headers-4\.4\.0-43-generic$";
"^gnumach-image-4\.4\.0-38-generic$";
"^gnumach-image-4\.4\.0-42-generic$";
"^gnumach-image-4\.4\.0-43-generic$";
"^.*-modules-4\.4\.0-38-generic$";
"^.*-modules-4\.4\.0-42-generic$";
"^.*-modules-4\.4\.0-43-generic$";
"^.*-kernel-4\.4\.0-38-generic$";
"^.*-kernel-4\.4\.0-42-generic$";
"^.*-kernel-4\.4\.0-43-generic$";
"^linux-backports-modules-.*-4\.4\.0-38-generic$";
"^linux-backports-modules-.*-4\.4\.0-42-generic$";
"^linux-backports-modules-.*-4\.4\.0-43-generic$";
"^linux-tools-4\.4\.0-38-generic$";
"^linux-tools-4\.4\.0-42-generic$";
"^linux-tools-4\.4\.0-43-generic$";
};
/* Debug information:
# dpkg list:
rc linux-image-3.11.0-17-generic 3.11.0-17.31 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.11.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.11.0-18-generic 3.11.0-18.32 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.11.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.11.0-19-generic 3.11.0-19.33 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.11.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.13.0-24-generic 3.13.0-24.47 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.13.0-27-generic 3.13.0-27.50 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.13.0-29-generic 3.13.0-29.53 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.13.0-30-generic 3.13.0-30.55 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.13.0-32-generic 3.13.0-32.57 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.13.0-33-generic 3.13.0-33.58 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic 3.13.0-34.60 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.13.0-35-generic 3.13.0-35.62 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.13.0-36-generic 3.13.0-36.63 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.13.0-39-generic 3.13.0-39.66 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.16.0-25-generic 3.16.0-25.33~14.04.2 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.16.0-28-generic 3.16.0-28.38~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.16.0-29-generic 3.16.0-29.39~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.16.0-30-generic 3.16.0-30.40~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.16.0-33-generic 3.16.0-33.44~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.16.0-34-generic 3.16.0-34.47~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.16.0-36-generic 3.16.0-36.48~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.16.0-37-generic 3.16.0-37.51~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.16.0-38-generic 3.16.0-38.52~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.16.0-39-generic 3.16.0-39.53~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.16.0-40-generic 3.16.0-40.54~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.19.0-21-generic 3.19.0-21.21~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.19.0-22-generic 3.19.0-22.22~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.19.0-23-generic 3.19.0-23.24~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.19.0-25-generic 3.19.0-25.26~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.19.0-26-generic 3.19.0-26.28~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.19.0-28-generic 3.19.0-28.30~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.19.0-30-generic 3.19.0-30.34~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.19.0-31-generic 3.19.0-31.36~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.19.0-32-generic 3.19.0-32.37~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.19.0-33-generic 3.19.0-33.38~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.2.0-18-generic 4.2.0-18.22~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.2.0-19-generic 4.2.0-19.23~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.2.0-21-generic 4.2.0-21.25~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.2.0-22-generic 4.2.0-22.27~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.2.0-23-generic 4.2.0-23.28~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.2.0-25-generic 4.2.0-25.30~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.2.0-27-generic 4.2.0-27.32~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.2.0-30-generic 4.2.0-30.36~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.2.0-32-generic 4.2.0-32.37~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.2.0-34-generic 4.2.0-34.39~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-10-generic 4.4.0-10.25 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-11-generic 4.4.0-11.26 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-12-generic 4.4.0-12.28 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-13-generic 4.4.0-13.29~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-14-generic 4.4.0-14.30~14.04.2 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-15-generic 4.4.0-15.31~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-18-generic 4.4.0-18.34~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-21-generic 4.4.0-21.37 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-22-generic 4.4.0-22.40 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-24-generic 4.4.0-24.43 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-28-generic 4.4.0-28.47 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-31-generic 4.4.0-31.50 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-34-generic 4.4.0-34.53 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-36-generic 4.4.0-36.55 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-4.4.0-38-generic 4.4.0-38.57 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-4.4.0-42-generic 4.4.0-42.62 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-4.4.0-43-generic 4.4.0-43.63 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.11.0-17-generic 3.11.0-17.31 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.11.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.11.0-18-generic 3.11.0-18.32 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.11.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.11.0-19-generic 3.11.0-19.33 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.11.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-24-generic 3.13.0-24.47 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-27-generic 3.13.0-27.50 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-29-generic 3.13.0-29.53 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-30-generic 3.13.0-30.55 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-32-generic 3.13.0-32.57 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-33-generic 3.13.0-33.58 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-34-generic 3.13.0-34.60 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-35-generic 3.13.0-35.62 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-36-generic 3.13.0-36.63 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-39-generic 3.13.0-39.66 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-40-generic 3.13.0-40.69 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.16.0-25-generic 3.16.0-25.33~14.04.2 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.16.0-28-generic 3.16.0-28.38~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.16.0-29-generic 3.16.0-29.39~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.16.0-30-generic 3.16.0-30.40~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.16.0-33-generic 3.16.0-33.44~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.16.0-34-generic 3.16.0-34.47~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.16.0-36-generic 3.16.0-36.48~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.16.0-37-generic 3.16.0-37.51~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.16.0-38-generic 3.16.0-38.52~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.16.0-39-generic 3.16.0-39.53~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.16.0-40-generic 3.16.0-40.54~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.19.0-21-generic 3.19.0-21.21~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.19.0-22-generic 3.19.0-22.22~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.19.0-23-generic 3.19.0-23.24~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.19.0-25-generic 3.19.0-25.26~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.19.0-26-generic 3.19.0-26.28~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.19.0-28-generic 3.19.0-28.30~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.19.0-30-generic 3.19.0-30.34~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.19.0-31-generic 3.19.0-31.36~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.19.0-32-generic 3.19.0-32.37~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.19.0-33-generic 3.19.0-33.38~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.2.0-18-generic 4.2.0-18.22~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.2.0-19-generic 4.2.0-19.23~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.2.0-21-generic 4.2.0-21.25~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.2.0-22-generic 4.2.0-22.27~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.2.0-23-generic 4.2.0-23.28~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.2.0-25-generic 4.2.0-25.30~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.2.0-27-generic 4.2.0-27.32~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.2.0-30-generic 4.2.0-30.36~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.2.0-32-generic 4.2.0-32.37~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.2.0-34-generic 4.2.0-34.39~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-10-generic 4.4.0-10.25 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-11-generic 4.4.0-11.26 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-12-generic 4.4.0-12.28 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-13-generic 4.4.0-13.29~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-14-generic 4.4.0-14.30~14.04.2 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-15-generic 4.4.0-15.31~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-18-generic 4.4.0-18.34~14.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-21-generic 4.4.0-21.37 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-22-generic 4.4.0-22.40 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-24-generic 4.4.0-24.43 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-28-generic 4.4.0-28.47 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-31-generic 4.4.0-31.50 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-34-generic 4.4.0-34.53 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-36-generic 4.4.0-36.55 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rH linux-image-extra-4.4.0-38-generic 4.4.0-38.57 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-4.4.0-42-generic 4.4.0-42.62 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-4.4.0-43-generic 4.4.0-43.63 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-generic 4.4.0.43.45 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image
# list of installed kernel packages:
4.4.0-38-generic 4.4.0-38.57
4.4.0-42-generic 4.4.0-42.62
4.4.0-43-generic 4.4.0-43.63
# list of different kernel versions:
4.4.0-43.63
4.4.0-42.62
4.4.0-38.57
# Installing kernel: 4.4.0-38.57 (4.4.0-38-generic)
# Running kernel: 4.4.0-43.63 (4.4.0-43-generic)
# Last kernel: 4.4.0-43.63
# Previous kernel: 4.4.0-42.62
# Kernel versions list to keep:
4.4.0-38.57
4.4.0-42.62
4.4.0-43.63
# Kernel packages (version part) to protect:
4\.4\.0-38-generic
4\.4\.0-42-generic
4\.4\.0-43-generic
*/
pilot6@Pilot6:~$ aptitude search '^linux* ?installed'
i A linux-base - Linux image base package
i linux-firmware - Firmware for Linux kernel drivers
i linux-generic - Complete Generic Linux kernel and headers
i A linux-headers-4.4.0-34 - Header files related to Linux kernel versi
i A linux-headers-4.4.0-34-generic - Linux kernel headers for version 4.4.0 on
i A linux-headers-4.4.0-36 - Header files related to Linux kernel versi
i A linux-headers-4.4.0-36-generic - Linux kernel headers for version 4.4.0 on
i A linux-headers-4.4.0-38 - Header files related to Linux kernel versi
i A linux-headers-4.4.0-38-generic - Linux kernel headers for version 4.4.0 on
i A linux-headers-4.4.0-42 - Header files related to Linux kernel versi
i A linux-headers-4.4.0-42-generic - Linux kernel headers for version 4.4.0 on
i A linux-headers-4.4.0-43 - Header files related to Linux kernel versi
i A linux-headers-4.4.0-43-generic - Linux kernel headers for version 4.4.0 on
i A linux-headers-generic - Generic Linux kernel headers
i A linux-image-4.4.0-42-generic - Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64
i A linux-image-4.4.0-43-generic - Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64
i A linux-image-extra-4.4.0-42-gene - Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4
i A linux-image-extra-4.4.0-43-gene - Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4
i A linux-image-generic - Generic Linux kernel image
i linux-libc-dev - Linux Kernel Headers for development
i linux-sound-base - base package for ALSA and OSS sound system
pilot6@Pilot6:~$ sudo apt autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
After the previous run of apt autoremove all linux-image packages have been removed except 4.4.0-42 and 43, but the headers are kept.
This is the debug-autoremove.txt from the affected installation.
https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/89297281/debug-autoremove.txt
This is the output from the same command from a non-affected machine.
https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/89297281/debug-autoremove-good.txt
Here is the first one with sudo.
I use a script to do incremental backups of a btrfs partition from one disk to another.
The script is started by cron.weekly at random time of a day.
If I shut down the system while the script is running, I am getting into trouble with old backups removed and new not created.
Is there a way to setup the system to wait till the script is finished?
I am using Ubuntu 16.04 with systemd.
This is a bit mysterious problem.
I upgraded Ubuntu 14.04 to 16.04. Now after each reboot the sound volume resets to 100%.
It is mysterious because it happens only on one computer, on another the sound volume is saved OK.
The other mystery is that I have Ubuntu 14.04 and 16.04 on the same computer with the common /home. On Ubuntu 14.04 the sound is aved OK, but on 16.04 it does not.
What can I do to troubleshoot this issue?
This issue happens only on UEFI systems with enabled Secure Boot.
When I try to install DKMS modules like VirtualBox, Nvidia, or Broadcom drivers, they do not install and I get Required key not available when I try to modprobe them.
VirtualBox complains that vboxdrv is not loaded.
Broadcom wl driver is shown in lspci -k as a kernel module but is not in use. sudo modprobe wl throws Required key not available.
Also this issue may happen when I install some kernel modules from git sources.
This issue may appear after a kernel update as disabled wireless adapter, black screen after a reboot, etc.
How can I fix it?
There is "Epson Printer Utility" that shows ink levels and allows to check nozzles and clean printer heads. This utility appeared not long ago and it is very useful, because there is no other way to see ink levels for printers without LED using Linux systems.
The utility can be downloaded from Epson Drivers Site.
After the deb package is installed the utility can be started by
epson-printer-utility
terminal command.
How can I get set it up to be started a normal way from Launcher or a desktop icon?
I see this in lspci
00:1a.0 Encryption controller: Intel Corporation ValleyView SEC (rev 0e)
Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 15bd
Kernel driver in use: mei_txe
It has a dedicated kernel module.
What is this device and how is it used in linux?
Here is modinfo that may give some clue.
pilot6@X200MA:~$ modinfo mei_txe
filename: /lib/modules/4.2.0-27-generic/kernel/drivers/misc/mei/mei-txe.ko
license: GPL v2
description: Intel(R) Trusted Execution Environment Interface
author: Intel Corporation
srcversion: 7984C0CD09F1D84152FAB4E
alias: pci:v00008086d00002298sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias: pci:v00008086d00000F18sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
depends: mei
intree: Y
vermagic: 4.2.0-27-generic SMP mod_unload modversions
I have an HTC Android phone.
Every time I connect it to computer I get a message:
Android Phone: Could not open MTP device "[usb:002,003]"
The numbers may be different. But the phone connects correctly.
usb-devices output
T: Bus=02 Lev=01 Prnt=01 Port=00 Cnt=01 Dev#= 28 Spd=480 MxCh= 0
D: Ver= 2.00 Cls=00(>ifc ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS=64 #Cfgs= 1
P: Vendor=0bb4 ProdID=0f91 Rev=02.33
S: Manufacturer=HTC
S: Product=Android Phone
S: SerialNumber=FA41BWB00560
C: #Ifs= 2 Cfg#= 1 Atr=c0 MxPwr=500mA
I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 3 Cls=06(still) Sub=01 Prot=01 Driver=usbfs
I: If#= 1 Alt= 0 #EPs= 2 Cls=ff(vend.) Sub=ff Prot=00 Driver=(none)
lsusb
Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 048d:1336 Integrated Technology Express, Inc. SD/MMC Cardreader
Bus 002 Device 004: ID 0bb4:0f91 HTC (High Tech Computer Corp.)
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 04b8:0898 Seiko Epson Corp.
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 004 Device 002: ID 046d:c05a Logitech, Inc. M90/M100 Optical Mouse
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
lsusb -t
/: Bus 07.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ohci-pci/2p, 12M
/: Bus 06.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ohci-pci/3p, 12M
/: Bus 05.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ohci-pci/3p, 12M
/: Bus 04.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ohci-pci/3p, 12M
|__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M
/: Bus 03.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ohci-pci/3p, 12M
/: Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/6p, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 4, If 0, Class=Imaging, Driver=usbfs, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 4, If 1, Class=Vendor Specific Class, Driver=, 480M
|__ Port 3: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Mass Storage, Driver=usb-storage, 480M
/: Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/6p, 480M
|__ Port 2: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Vendor Specific Class, Driver=, 480M
|__ Port 2: Dev 2, If 1, Class=Printer, Driver=usblp, 480M
|__ Port 2: Dev 2, If 2, Class=Mass Storage, Driver=usb-storage, 480M
udevadm info -q all -n /dev/bus/usb/002/004
P: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:13.2/usb2/2-1
N: bus/usb/002/004
S: libmtp-2-1
E: BUSNUM=002
E: COLORD_DEVICE=1
E: COLORD_KIND=camera
E: DEVLINKS=/dev/libmtp-2-1
E: DEVNAME=/dev/bus/usb/002/004
E: DEVNUM=004
E: DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:13.2/usb2/2-1
E: DEVTYPE=usb_device
E: DRIVER=usb
E: GPHOTO2_DRIVER=PTP
E: ID_BUS=usb
E: ID_FOR_SEAT=usb-pci-0000_00_13_2-usb-0_1
E: ID_GPHOTO2=1
E: ID_MEDIA_PLAYER=1
E: ID_MODEL=Android_Phone
E: ID_MODEL_ENC=Android\x20Phone
E: ID_MODEL_ID=0f91
E: ID_MTP_DEVICE=1
E: ID_PATH=pci-0000:00:13.2-usb-0:1
E: ID_PATH_TAG=pci-0000_00_13_2-usb-0_1
E: ID_REVISION=0233
E: ID_SERIAL=HTC_Android_Phone_FA41BWB00560
E: ID_SERIAL_SHORT=FA41BWB00560
E: ID_USB_INTERFACES=:060101:ffff00:
E: ID_VENDOR=HTC
E: ID_VENDOR_ENC=HTC
E: ID_VENDOR_FROM_DATABASE=HTC (High Tech Computer Corp.)
E: ID_VENDOR_ID=0bb4
E: MAJOR=189
E: MINOR=131
E: PRODUCT=bb4/f91/233
E: SUBSYSTEM=usb
E: TAGS=:seat:uaccess:
E: TYPE=0/0/0
E: USEC_INITIALIZED=611981507
dmesg
[ 40.632283] usb 2-1: new high-speed USB device number 3 using ehci-pci
[ 40.765458] usb 2-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0bb4, idProduct=0f91
[ 40.765469] usb 2-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=2, Product=3, SerialNumber=4
[ 40.765475] usb 2-1: Product: Android Phone
[ 40.765480] usb 2-1: Manufacturer: HTC
[ 40.765485] usb 2-1: SerialNumber: FA41BWB00560
[ 40.766646] usb-storage 2-1:1.1: USB Mass Storage device detected
[ 40.767102] scsi host10: usb-storage 2-1:1.1
[ 40.864690] usb 2-1: USB disconnect, device number 3
[ 41.613079] usb 2-1: new high-speed USB device number 4 using ehci-pci
[ 41.746616] usb 2-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0bb4, idProduct=0f91
[ 41.746626] usb 2-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=2, Product=3, SerialNumber=4
[ 41.746633] usb 2-1: Product: Android Phone
[ 41.746638] usb 2-1: Manufacturer: HTC
[ 41.746643] usb 2-1: SerialNumber: FA41BWB00560
[ 101.942087] usb 2-1: reset high-speed USB device number 4 using ehci-pci
I also found that for a short period of time after the phone is connected a usb-storage device is declared
I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 3 Cls=06(still) Sub=01 Prot=01 Driver=usbfs
I: If#= 1 Alt= 0 #EPs= 2 Cls=08(stor.) Sub=06 Prot=50 Driver=usb-storage
Then it disconnects and class is changed to ff.
I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 3 Cls=06(still) Sub=01 Prot=01 Driver=usbfs
I: If#= 1 Alt= 0 #EPs= 2 Cls=ff(vend.) Sub=ff Prot=00 Driver=(none)
In Ubuntu 14.04 there is only one UUID for each partition.
For example my sudo blkid shows
/dev/sda1: UUID="b2be9c80-8413-4fdb-a562-6ca072385c02" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda2: UUID="ccd2f497-5d8f-48c7-9102-c339c2689ff8" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sdb4: UUID="eb34f285-4a78-494c-9950-a2095b1740ce" TYPE="ext4"
But in Ubuntu 15.04 in blkid and /etc/fstab there is also PARTUUID like this
/dev/sda5: LABEL="volume1" UUID="bb69c64d-5c45-4bab-90e1-ba46e5afd6b2" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="094b7241-4895-4051-90ab-439252b4e3f4"
What is it for?
I read this answer explaining that "sometimes" root can own something at /home/$USER directory.
Can anyone give an example how to prove it. Just give a test case when something really bad happens, when I run
sudo gedit /etc/rc.local
edit file and save.
I got many downvotes trying to help OP out and comments flooded in saying that it is a crime to run gedit with sudo.
Can anyone give a real example?
I clearly explained why this question is not a duplicate. There is no answer specific to gedit to the linked question.
And it is important to explain why widely used sudo gedit is bad, or not really, etc.
When Ubuntu is in suspend mode, power led is blinking.
Is there a way to turn it off?