According to the Bash manual, the environment variable BASH_COMMAND contains
The command currently being executed or about to be executed, unless the shell is executing a command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command executing at the time of the trap.
Taking that trap corner case aside, if I understand correctly this means that when I execute a command, the variable BASH_COMMAND contains that command. It's not absolutely clear whether that variable is unset after the command execution (i.e., is only avaialble while the command is running, but not after), though one might argue that since it is "the command currently being executed or about to be executed", it is not the command that was just executed.
But let's check:
$ set | grep BASH_COMMAND=
$
Empty. I would have expected to see BASH_COMMAND='set | grep BASH_COMMAND=' or maybe just BASH_COMMAND='set', but empty surprised me.
Let's try something else:
$ echo $BASH_COMMAND
echo $BASH_COMMAND
$
Well that makes sense. I execute the command echo $BASH_COMMAND and so the variable BASH_COMMAND contains the string echo $BASH_COMMAND. Why did it work this time, but not before?
Let's do the set thing again:
$ set | grep BASH_COMMAND=
BASH_COMMAND='echo $BASH_COMMAND'
$
So wait. It was set when I executed that echo command, and it was not unset afterwards. But when I executed set again, BASH_COMMAND was not set to the set command. No matter how often I execute the set command here, the result stays the same. So, is the variable set when executing echo, but not when executing set? Let's see.
$ echo Hello AskUbuntu
Hello AskUbuntu
$ set | grep BASH_COMMAND=
BASH_COMMAND='echo $BASH_COMMAND'
$
What? So the variable was set when I executed echo $BASH_COMMAND, but not when I executed echo Hello AskUbuntu? Where's the difference now? Is the variable only set when the current command itself actually forces the shell to evaluate the variable? Let's try something different. Maybe some external command this time, not a bash builtin, for a change.
$ /bin/echo $BASH_COMMAND
/bin/echo $BASH_COMMAND
$ set | grep BASH_COMMAND=
BASH_COMMAND='/bin/echo $BASH_COMMAND'
$
Hmm, ok... again, the variable was set. So is my current guess correct? Is the variable only set when it has to be evaluated? Why? Why? For performance reasons? Let's do one more try. We'll try to grep for $BASH_COMMAND in a file, and since $BASH_COMMAND should then contain a grep command, grep should grep for that grep command (i.e., for itself). so let's make an appropriate file:
$ echo -e "1 foo\n2 grep\n3 bar\n4 grep \$BASH_COMMAND tmp" > tmp
$ grep $BASH_COMMAND tmp
grep: $BASH_COMMAND: No such file or directory
tmp:2 grep <-- here, the word "grep" is RED
tmp:4 grep $BASH_COMMAND tmp <-- here, the word "grep" is RED
tmp:2 grep <-- here, the word "grep" is RED
tmp:4 grep $BASH_COMMAND tmp <-- here, the word "grep" is RED
$ set | grep BASH_COMMAND=
BASH_COMMAND='grep --color=auto $BASH_COMMAND tmp'
$
Ok, interesting. The command grep $BASH_COMMAND tmp got expanded to grep grep $BASH_COMMAND tmp tmp (the variable gets expanded just that once, of course), and so I grepped for grep, once in a file $BASH_COMMAND which doesn't exist, and twice in the file tmp.
Q1: Is my current assumption correct that:
BASH_COMMANDis only set when a command tries to actually evaluate it; and- it is not unset after execution of a command, even though the description may lead us to believe so?
Q2: If yes, why? Performance? If no, how else can the behavior in the above command sequence be explained?
Q3: Lastly, is there any scenario in which this variable could actually be meaningfully used? I was actually trying to use it within $PROMPT_COMMAND to analyze the command being executed (and do some stuff depending on that), but I can't, because as soon as, within my $PROMPT_COMMAND, I execute a command to look at the variable $BASH_COMMAND, the variable gets sets to that command. Even when I do MYVARIABLE=$BASH_COMMAND right at the beginning of my $PROMPT_COMMAND, then MYVARIABLE contains the string MYVARIABLE=$BASH_COMMAND, because an assignment is a command too. (This question is not about how I could obtain the current command within a $PROMPT_COMMAND execution. There are other ways, I know.)
It's a bit like with Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. Just by observing the variable, I change it.
