Illüm Interactive's questions

I realize that this may be a duplicate question but it seems like dpkg is returning error (2) for multiple different reasons. When trying to update and upgrade packages I am returned with:

dpkg: error: parsing file '/var/lib/dpkg/status' near line 50819 package 'openssh-client':
value for 'Conffiles' field has malformatted line '/etc/ssh/moduli'
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (2)

I have tried multiple things from different questions of the same nature and they have yielded no results, any thoughts?

With the SDL libraries for example, one would have to point to the headers at the beginning of their code, like so:

#include <SDL/SDL.h> 

And, when compiling with GCC for example the library would then have to be included with:

gcc project.cpp -o project -l/path/to/library/SDL

So, when you are developing a program with a specific library to include, where should the header files and the library be located so that GCC can recognize where to pull that information from? Do they have to be stored in the usr directory or can you tell GCC to point to whatever location you want?

This is specific to development on Ubuntu as that is the platform I am developing for but any *nix platform would likely be similar.

I have a 1TB hard drive that I recently got, but the problem is that even when formatted I am unable to read and write from the hard drive. Any suggestions? I've tried reformatting it, but the results were the same. The only thing I can think of is that the drive is only accessible by the root user, which is not very convenient.

I have found that one of my favorite text editors for programming is Geany, however the default color scheme is very bright and hurts my eyes when programming for awhile. There are other color schemes available for Geany but no clear way for installing and using them. Anyone have an idea?

I know the basics for designing icons but I have no idea how to configure and compile them into a file so that I can create a gnome icon theme out of them. Can anyone help? It would be much appreciated :) Or maybe even link me to a tutorial that explains the basics.