Léo Léopold Hertz 준영's questions

Situation: to use F5 and F6 for decrease and increase of brightness, respectively, in Asus Zenbook UX303UA, when I can change brightness in System Preferences, and acpi_osi= is not sufficient in GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT of /etc/default/grub.
Related: (See Brightness hotkey doesn't work on laptop asus k501ux [Ubuntu 16.04.1] and Screen brightness keys not working (fn + f5/f6)) where the latter is sufficient.
Ubuntu's docs says, but it is outdated and does not particularly include 16.04

NOTE: As of BIOS update 214 "Support Windows8 brightness control" is added. This means that the brightness buttons won't work in Ubuntu any longer. Brightness workaround 2 in the Zenbook Prime wiki works fine for changing brightness.

Here some Bash scripts about the setup but their bindings are false for the different system. Doing xev, pressing F5 and F6, and studying the outputs which shows that the actions are doing nothing (0 bytes transmitted), showing UEFI firmware problem (Pilot6)

KeyPress event, serial 37, synthetic NO, window 0x3a00001,
    root 0xb5, subw 0x0, time 16483030, (-1385,943), root:(303,995),
    state 0x0, keycode 71 (keysym 0xffc2, F5), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyRelease event, serial 37, synthetic NO, window 0x3a00001,
    root 0xb5, subw 0x0, time 16483120, (-1385,943), root:(303,995),
    state 0x0, keycode 71 (keysym 0xffc2, F5), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyPress event, serial 37, synthetic NO, window 0x3a00001,
    root 0xb5, subw 0x0, time 16483312, (-1385,943), root:(303,995),
    state 0x0, keycode 72 (keysym 0xffc3, F6), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyRelease event, serial 37, synthetic NO, window 0x3a00001,
    root 0xb5, subw 0x0, time 16483387, (-1385,943), root:(303,995),
    state 0x0, keycode 72 (keysym 0xffc3, F6), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

Unsuccessful output

Do

1. Add the option acpi_osi without value in your /etc/default/grub file like this

   # guillaume-desclaux https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2243162
   GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_osi="
   

2. Run update-grub

3. Restart

Output: Fn+F5 and Fn+F6 does not work as expected: shows the sign of changes in brightness at the top-right corner but not actually affect the brightness at all.

• Fig. 1 Brightness set to minimum
• Fig. 2 Brightness increased without a change in the brightness
• Fig. 3 Brightness changes now accordingly in System Preferences

Bios upgrade?

I extended this issue in a new thread here. I did not need to upgrade finally the bios because it was the latest (2 month old laptop 4th September 2016).

• Hardware: Asus Zenbook UX303UA R4028T, UX305
• OS: Ubuntu 16.04 64 bit, 14.04
• Documentation: Ubuntu's docs about Asus Zenbook, Asus Zenbook Prime docs not apparently relevant
• Related: How can I change brightness on Zenbook UX305 with media-buttons?
• Differential solution: ALS sensor with non-apt-get software etc here

I download the .deb 64 bit image in their homepage, untar and install. Launching the app by the icon is unsuccessful and also in terminal

/opt/XnView/XnView: error while loading shared libraries: libgstapp-0.10.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

I do not want to add third-party repositories to my system like in the proposal of the thread for 14.04, since the official image must work if at all. I forwarded this thread already to the developer.

System: Ubuntu 16.04 64 bit
Hardware: Macbook Air 2013-mid
XnView: 0.81
Softwares: gstreamer
Related: XNViewMP broken on Ubuntu 16.04, XnView startet nicht, How to install xnviewmp in ubuntu 14.04?

Situation: unable to configure ALSA in Ubuntu 16.04 for Matlab 2016a
System characteristics

• /proc/asound/cards

    0 [HDMI           ]: HDA-Intel - HDA Intel HDMI
                         HDA Intel HDMI at 0xb0a10000 irq 54
    1 [PCH            ]: HDA-Intel - HDA Intel PCH
                         HDA Intel PCH at 0xb0a14000 irq 53
  

• /usr/share/alsa/also.conf found here where I tried the following at the end of the file unsuccessfully because I think device 1 is my sound thing (PCH)

    pcm.!default {
     type hw
     card 0
     device 1
    }
  

Test code in Matlab

soundsc(230)

Errors

ALSA lib pcm_dsnoop.c:606:(snd_pcm_dsnoop_open) unable to open slave
ALSA lib pcm_dmix.c:1029:(snd_pcm_dmix_open) unable to open slave
ALSA lib pcm.c:2266:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.rear
ALSA lib pcm.c:2266:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.center_lfe
ALSA lib pcm.c:2266:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM cards.pcm.side
ALSA lib pcm_dmix.c:1029:(snd_pcm_dmix_open) unable to open slave

Manual proposal

I found one possible proposal in the blog post PyAudio, PortAudio, and ALSA messages which says

• remove the line pcm.rear cards.pcm.rear in /usr/share/alsa/alsa.conf.
• Have snd_lib_error_set_handler() of alsa-lib to set a new error handler instead of default one; How to do this?

Unsuccessful Attempt by following Monkeyman_stones' Piece of Advice

I follow instructions for the older Macbook Air which still uses the same/similar sound chip in the wikipage MacBookAir3-2/Meerkat > Sound. I do unsuccessfully

1. Terminal, sudo vim /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf and add the line options snd-hda-intel model=mba31 to the end of the file.
2. Terminal, alsamixer and use arrow keys to select Front Speaker (testing S/PDIF, S/PDIF 1 and S/PDIF 2) and press mand last ESC. Done!
3. Output: Same warnings as before after running any code in Matlab prompt. After reboot, the system forgets all changes in alsamixer. I tried also with sudo alsamixer. How can you make those changes permanent?

My complete /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf after the change and you cannot see there duplicates of snd-hda-intel, only once, which does not seem to affect alsamixer at all

install sound-slot-0 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-0
install sound-slot-1 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-1
install sound-slot-2 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-2
install sound-slot-3 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-3
install sound-slot-4 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-4
install sound-slot-5 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-5
install sound-slot-6 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-6
install sound-slot-7 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-7

# Cause optional modules to be loaded above generic modules
install snd /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-ioctl32 ; /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq ; }
#
# Workaround at bug #499695 (reverted in Ubuntu see LP #319505)
install snd-pcm /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-pcm $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-pcm-oss ; : ; }
install snd-mixer /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-mixer $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-mixer-oss ; : ; }
install snd-seq /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-seq $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq-midi ; /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq-oss ; : ; }
#
install snd-rawmidi /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-rawmidi $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq-midi ; : ; }
# Cause optional modules to be loaded above sound card driver modules
install snd-emu10k1 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-emu10k1 $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-emu10k1-synth ; }
install snd-via82xx /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-via82xx $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq ; }

# Load saa7134-alsa instead of saa7134 (which gets dragged in by it anyway)
install saa7134 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install saa7134 $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist saa7134-alsa ; : ; }
# Prevent abnormal drivers from grabbing index 0
options bt87x index=-2
options cx88_alsa index=-2
options saa7134-alsa index=-2
options snd-atiixp-modem index=-2
options snd-intel8x0m index=-2
options snd-via82xx-modem index=-2
options snd-usb-audio index=-2
options snd-usb-caiaq index=-2
options snd-usb-ua101 index=-2
options snd-usb-us122l index=-2
options snd-usb-usx2y index=-2
# Ubuntu #62691, enable MPU for snd-cmipci
options snd-cmipci mpu_port=0x330 fm_port=0x388
# Keep snd-pcsp from being loaded as first soundcard
options snd-pcsp index=-2
# Keep snd-usb-audio from beeing loaded as first soundcard
options snd-usb-audio index=-2

# https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBookAir3-2/Meerkat
# Start up a terminal, run alsamixer and use arrow keys to select Front Speaker and press m, then all is good sound-wise.
# TODO this is not affecting `alxamixer` at all; restart restores the defaults. Why?
options snd-hda-intel model=mba31

Official Matlab docs about sounds in Linux: ALSA Audio Playback
Related threads: No sound with HDA Intel PCH, Alsa problems with python2.7- Unable to open slave, Why ALSA lib is not working in Ubuntu?

Situation: fix Out of Memory errors in Ubuntu's Matlab
Goal: allocate some virtual memory and/or Swap on external HDD/SSD; the read/write decrease from 20 GBps to 0.1 GBps, which is ok!
Terminology: swap and virtual memory here

No, swap and virtual memory are completely different. For example, memory mapping a 1GB file uses an additional 1GB of virtual memory but has no change in the use of swap. Swap is a form of backing store. Many uses of virtual memory don't have anything to do with backing store. (And there have been systems with virtual memory and no swap as well as systems with swap but no virtual memory.)

Consumer hardware is limited so I need to use more virtual memory and/or swap with my external HDDs. Matlab says about the swap memory (TODO excluding virtual memory?)

Linux Systems — Change your swap space by using the mkswap and swapon commands.

Characteristics of the system

• You can see how much you have it by swapon -s

  Filename                Type        Size    Used    Priority
  /dev/sda3               partition   8326140 0       -1
  

• Matlab's configurations

  % https://stackoverflow.com/a/35971040/54964
  com.mathworks.services.Prefs.setIntegerPref('JavaMemHeapMax', 2048); % MB
  
  % TODO cannot find ways how to put Matlab use /dev/sda3
  

• So you see that my Matlab is not using it. I receive Out of Memory errors with big matrices in Matlab. I have been unsuccessful in reshape'ing matrices to vectors and writing parallel code. So I want to use virtual memory because I need to get work done; the rate does not matter.

Pseudocode

1. Shell script that creates a swap, start MATLAB, and delete the swap when MATLAB exits. (MichaelHooreman)
2. Enable swap on external HDD. How to use sudo swapon -a here?
3. Start Matlab.
4. Put Matlab use the swap.
5. Delete swap when Matlab exits.

Temporary Swap, Running Client and Closing/Removing Swap in Micheal's script

Situation: cannot control errors in setting up the environment (1), running Matlab (2) and closing the environment (3)
Script

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# https://stackoverflow.com/a/69808/54964
set -e 
# TODO How to do swapoff if any error?

SWAP_FILE="/media/masi/SamiSwapVirtual/.swap_file_20.7.2016"
SIZE_MB=16000
TO_RUN="matlab"

dd if="/dev/zero" of=${SWAP_FILE} bs="1M" count=${SIZE_MB} status="progress"
mkswap ${SWAP_FILE}
chmod 0600 ${SWAP_FILE}
sudo chown 0.0 ${SWAP_FILE} # https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/297153/16920
sudo swapon -v ${SWAP_FILE}
echo "Swap enabled. Press enter to continue"; read
${TO_RUN}
echo "I will remove the swap. Press enter to continue"; read
sudo swapoff -v ${SWAP_FILE}
rm -vf ${SWAP_FILE}

Iteration 1 with Transcend 25M3 1 TB with little use berofe where filesystem ext4

1. Logs after starting the script

   sh start_matlab_with_swap.sh 
   16000+0 records in
   16000+0 records out
   16777216000 bytes (17 GB, 16 GiB) copied, 134.489 s, 125 MB/s
   Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 15.6 GiB (16777211904 bytes)
   no label, UUID=48c2835b-4499-4534-aa49-0648e15bd5d9
   [sudo] password for masi: 
   swapon /media/masi/SamiWeek/tmp/swap_file_18.7.2016
   swapon: /media/masi/SamiWeek/tmp/swap_file_18.7.2016: insecure file owner 1000, 0 (root) suggested.
   swapon: /media/masi/SamiWeek/tmp/swap_file_18.7.2016: found swap signature: version 1d, page-size 4, same byte order
   swapon: /media/masi/SamiWeek/tmp/swap_file_18.7.2016: pagesize=4096, swapsize=16777216000, devsize=16777216000
   Swap enabled. Press enter to continue
   start_matlab_with_swap.sh: 11: read: arg count
   

2. Running the client

   • Command history gone in the first start of Matlab in the swap memory (ticket #02075943), with the error There was a problem reading your command history - -. Just restart your Matlab and and the problem is solved if you have default settings. Command prefdir gives /home/masi/.matlab/R2016a which is the default location (/home/{username}/.matlab/R2016a. File /home/masi/.matlab/R2016a/matlab.prf exists after the restart, here.

   • ... [other errors] ...

3. Closing Matlab and typing password again in Terminal

   [sudo] password for masi: 
   swapoff /media/masi/SamiWeek/tmp/swap_file_18.7.2016
   [ bugs here! ]
   

Open: How to Apply the Better Error-handling of Error trapping here? See my script for the example in the source. Thread How to Do Error-trapping and Swapoff if Error/Warning?

Permanent Swap = Separate Swap Setup from Running Client

Setting up Swap

# https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/297767/16920
masi@masi:~$ sudo fallocate -l 20G /mnt/.swapfile

masi@masi:~$ sudo mkswap /mnt/.swapfile 
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 20 GiB (21474832384 bytes)
no label, UUID=45df9e48-1760-47e8-84d7-7a14f56bbd72

masi@masi:~$ sudo swapon /mnt/.swapfile
swapon: /mnt/.swapfile: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested.

masi@masi:~$ sudo chmod 600 /mnt/.swapfile

masi@masi:~$ free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           7925        1494         175         196        6255        5892
Swap:         28610           0       28610

Put the following in the end of /etc/fstab for the permanent change

# https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/298212/16920
# https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/298543/16920

# If swap is on SSD, trim blocks each time at startup.
#/mnt/.swapfile  none    swap    defaults,discard      0        0

# If swap on External HDD, just use sw.
/media/masi/SamiWeek/.swapfile  none    swap    sw      0        0

System: Linux Ubuntu 16.04 64 bit
Linux kernel: 4.6
Linux kernel options: wl
Matlab: 2016a
Official Matlab docs: Resolve "Out of Memory" Errors
External HDD: Transcend 1 TB StoreJet 25M3 review, Transcend 2 TB StoreJet 25M3
External HDD filesystem: ext4
External HDD buffer: 8 MB
Related threads: How to increase MATLAB memory limitation in ubuntu? (how to use mkswap, swapon for MATLAB?), How to Reduce Physical memory increase in Matlab?, How to Resolve out of memory error in Matlab?, How to Fix Out of Memory error in Matlab for 10800x10800 matrix?, How do I increase memory limit (contiguous as well as overall) in Matlab r2012b?, How to Increase Array Block and Resolve Out of Memory Error in Matlab 2009b?, How to Resolve this Out of Memory Issue for a Small Variable in Matlab?, 'Out of memory' in Matlab. A slow but a permanent solution?

I cannot find it in apt-get. It is in 14.04.

I cannot find it in apt-get. I need vimdiff.

How can you install vim-full in Ubuntu 16.04?

I need the persistent live Ubuntu of preferably 16.04 because I need to rescue my whole encrypted HDD of 16.04 as discussed in the thread How do I add myself back in sudo group in Encrypted HDD of 16.04? I create here a new persistent Live Ubuntu 16.04 with some bugs described at the end with Videonauth.

1. sudo apt-get install gksu debootstrap
2. gksudo gparted. Make USB with ext4 leaving only 1GB as free memory, and set 1GB for Linux Swap; Manage flags > only boot.

3. Prepare the OS by and run in the USB stick

   sudo mkdir /mnt/stick
   sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/stick/
   sudo debootstrap --arch=amd64 xenial /mnt/stick http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
   sudo mount -o bind /dev /mnt/stick/dev
   sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts /mnt/stick/dev/pts
   sudo mount -t sysfs /sys /mnt/stick/sys
   sudo mount -t proc /proc /mnt/stick/proc
   sudo cp /proc/mounts /mnt/stick/etc/mtab
   sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/stick/etc/resolv.conf
   sudo chroot /mnt/stick/
   

4. Prompt looks like root@masi-CM6340:/#. Set locales.

   %locale-gen en_US en_US.UTF-8
   %dpkg-reconfigure locale
   dpkg-rekonfigure locales % two above commands cause a bug in gnome-terminal; choose here your locales and set environment en_US.UTF-8
   dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration
   localedef -i en_US -c -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
   

5. apt-get install linux-image-generic. You get /dev/sda [NotThisOne, your HDD], 2 /dev/sdb (31474 MB; ???) 2b - /dev/sdb1 (30398 MB; /). Choose /dev/sdb1 and /dev/sdb. Choese here Linux kernel what you like. I keep Linux kernel 4.6 most stable which you can download as described at the end of the body.

6. apt-get install vim wget

7. blkid, copy to clipboard, vim /etc/fstab. Remove sda lines so only two sdb lines. Edit them to like UUID="..." swap swap defaulst 0 0 and UUID="..." / ext4 defaults 0 1.

8. Paste the following to the file /etc/apt/sources.list

   #deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
   
   # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
   # newer versions of the distribution.
   deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
   # deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
   
   ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
   ## distribution.
   deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
   # deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
   
   ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
   ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
   ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
   ## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security
   ## team.
   deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
   # deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
   deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
   # deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
   
   ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 
   ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 
   ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 
   ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
   ## security team.
   deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
   # deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
   deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
   # deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
   
   ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
   ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
   ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
   ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
   ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
   deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   # deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   
   ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
   ## 'partner' repository.
   ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
   ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
   deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
   deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
   
   deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
   # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
   deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
   # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
   deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
   # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
   

9. Do

   dpkg-divert --local --rename --add /sbin/initctl
   ln -s /bin/true /sbin/initctl
   apt-get update
   % Comment this out if ubuntu-desktop is wanted
   apt-get install ubuntu-desktop 
   % Comment out if ubuntu-server is wanted
   % apt-get install ubuntu-server
   adduser --home /home/masi masi
   

10. Add masi to the existing groups usermod -aG adm,cdrom,sudo,dip,plugdev,lpadmin,sambashare masi where you can leave out sambashare.

11. Ignore drivers because USB stick not made for one PC.

12. For recovering the encrypted HDD, install the packages apt-get ecryptfs-utils schroot testdisk where testdisk for preparing discs and the other two for recovering the whole disc encrypted Ubuntu 16.04.

13. sudo echo 'GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER="true"' >> /etc/default/grub; update-grub

14. Finalize the install. Do

    rm /sbin/initctl
    dpkg-divert --local --rename --remove /sbin/initctl
    

Test your Installation of Persistent Live Ubuntu 16.04 [alpha]

1. Start your new Persistent Ubuntu. In terminal, do sudo true. If you get Unable to resolve host * Connection refused, do

   # https://askubuntu.com/q/59458/25388
   sudo vim /etc/hostname
   masi 
   
   sudo vim /etc/hosts 
   127.0.0.1    localhost.localdomain masi
   [...]
   

2. Possible complication: Ubuntu starts in $(inittramfs)$. Do ...

Result: USB starts up Ubuntu Desktop GUI and UI

• you can open LibreOffice, Firefox, ...
• masi is in sudo group; groups correct.
• Locales set correctly when chroot to stick.
• If you have a bug in gnome-terminal i.e. opening it in GUI, do sudo dpkg-rekonfigure locales again in TTY1. It resolves the case.

Bugs which are reported to Videonauth

Always update-and-upgrade system in doing the tests: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade.

1. Ubuntu's Internet Browser. Launching it crashes the system. Mouse only works but no signal can be send to the TTY.
2. Firefox. Launching it gives a warning about [profile exists] so cannot open. Temporary fix rm -r ~/.mozilla && rm -r ./.cache/mozilla only for one session. The problem persists on every login. Better working fix: sudo mv -v /home/masi /home/masi_backup, sudo mkdir -v /home/masi, sudo chown masi:masi /home/masi, sudo chmod 755 /home/masi and sudo reboot because some ownerships of home-folder causes the bug. Run the command of the source and you get the following differences
3. /etc/hostname fails to match /etc/hosts after some time
4. Sometimes, starts up to (inittramsfs)

Output of vimdiff <(find /home/masi -printf "%P %u:%g %m\n" | sort) <(find /home/masi_backup -printf "%P %u:%g %m\n" | sort)

%LHS-file
.bash_history masi:masi 600
.cache/compizconfig-1/animation.pb masi:masi 664
.cache/compizconfig-1/commands.pb masi:masi 664
.cache/compizconfig-1/compiztoolbox.pb masi:masi 664
% here many files not existing in the RHS

%RHS-file (fresh installation)
.bash_history root:root 600
.bash_logout masi:masi 664
.bashrc masi:masi 644
.cache root:root 700

where I do not understand which caused the bug.

Upgrade to Linux Kernel 4.6

Do as instructed here. There is an universal bug with resume/suspend in Linux kernel 4.4. Upgrading to 4.6 solves it and makes the system much better.

System: 14.04, 16.04
Linux kernel: 4.4 - 4.6

I know the threads How do I add myself back as a sudo user?, Mounting encrypted LUKS partition from Live CD, ... This thread is about how to add a sudo user back without root and other strict security policies in place in encrypted environment: whole-media encryption, home-folder encryption and empty-space overwrite, but you know the password of the encryption. Still, the mounting of such an encrypted device is not that straight-forward. This is not duplicate!

My whole disk is encrypted. It contains Ubuntu 16.04. I know the thread How do I add myself back as a sudo user? but it is not for whole disk encryption. I did sudo usermod -G staff masi by accident (missed option -a there) and logged out. It removed me from all other groups than staff. To get back to defaults, I should run

sudo usermod -a -G  adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare masi

However, I am not anymore a part of sudo group, so I cannot run it. You cannot go Ubuntu's Grub > Rescue Mode in Grub > Advanced options because encryption in whole disc; no root is enabled; shift unsuccessful before/after encryption steps; unsuccessful entry to Recovery mode as described here; no Grub start after successful password entry in the encryption step; you cannot change the read-only /etc/default/grub so you cannot add there GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash single" for letting Grub work. So you have to have live Ubuntu with ecryptfs-utils schroot.

Persistent Live Ubuntu 16.04 Attempt

Create a persistent Live Ubuntu USB here. I do the following motivated by the sources here and here where no ready solution exists

> sudo apt-get update
...
> sudo apt-get install lvm2 cryptsetup
...
> sudo modprobe dm-crypt
> sudo fdisk -l % find the appropriate disc
sudo: unable to resolve host masi-CM6340: Connection refused
...
> sudo cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda5 myvolume % my case sda5 i.e. linux, not extended
sudo: unable to resolve host masi-CM6340: Connection refused
Enter passphrase for /dev/sda5: % which I enter successfully
>
> sudo mkdir /media/test
> 
% sudo vgscan not needed to activate the sockets
> sudo vgchange -ay % will make volumes active 
sudo: unable to resolve host masi-CM6340: Connection refused
2 logical volume(s) in volume group "ubuntu-vg" now active
% created also /dev/mapper/myvolume which can be mounted
>
> sudo mount /dev/sda5/home /media/test
mount: special device /dev/sda5/home does not exist (a path prefix is not a directory) 
> 
> % JayEye's 2nd proposal
> sudo mount /dev/mapper/myvolume /media/test
mount: unknown filesystem type 'LVM2_member'  
%
% chroot to the mounted device, add masi back to sudoers and work done

Output of sudo parted -l /dev/mapper/myvolume [JayEye]

Model: ATA WDC WD64000AAKS-7 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 640 GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition table: msdos
Disk Flags: 

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049kB 512MB primary ext2 boot
2 513MB 640GB extended
5 513MB 640GB logical

Model: Kingston HyperX Fury 3.0 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 31.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition table: msdos
Disk Flags

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 27.3MB 30.4GB 30.4GB primary ext4 boot
2 30.4GB 31.5GB 1049MB primary linux-swap(v1)

Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1: 34.3GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition table: loop
Disk Flags: 

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 0.00B 34.3GB 34.3GB linux-swap(v1)

Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root: 605GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition table: loop
Disk Flags: 

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 0.00B 605GB 605GB ex4

Error: /dev/mappper/myvolume: unrecognized disk label
Model: Linux device-mapper (crypt) (dm)
Disk /dev/mapper/myvolume: 640GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: unknown
Disk Flags:

I run sudo mount /dev/mapper/myvolume--vg-root /mnt [JayEye] and get

mount: special device /dev/mapper/myvolume--vg-root does not exist

I run sudo mount /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root /mnt [DavidFoester] and get the following output which may still indicate successful mounting

sudo: unable to resolve host masi-CM6340: Connection refused

which is a warning that I get three times before in the script above. I access successfully the first step of the encrypted device by vi /mnt/home/masi/README.txt

THIS DIRECTORY HAS BEEN UNMOUNTED TO PROTECT YOUR DATA. 

From the graphical desktop, click on: 
 "Access Your Private Data"

From the command line, run: 
 ecryptfs-mount-private

where Access Your Private Data file is in /mnt/home/masi/Access-Your-Private-Data.desktop, but clicking on it does not lead to any GUI ouput (icon starts but closes automatically). I can find also ecryptfs-mount-private in Terminal, but there is no manpage/help-page of it. I run it in the folder, and I get

ERROR: Encrypted private directory is not setup properly

How to run ecryptfs-mount-private successfully?

Boot to the System - DavidFoerster's proposal (3) without Live System

My system has no root enabled. I boot to Grub > Advanced Options > Recovery Mode. I run sudo adduser masi sudo but get error code 1

Adding user 'masi' to group 'sudo' ...
Adding user masi to group sudo
gpasswd: cannot lock /etc/group; try again later
adduser: '/usr/bin/gpasswd -a masi sudo' returned error code 1. Exiting. 

Rebooting, logging back again in the system, I do sudo echo "masi" and I get masi is not in the sudoers file. ....

I think problem here is that no mount and chroot.

Ubuntu 16.04 Live System Attempt

I cannot open the encryption in the normal Live system. I run unsuccessfully

> sudo modprobe dm-crypt
> sudo fdisk -l % find the appropriate disc
...
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdf1 ... 449.9G ... Linux 
/dev/sdf2 ... 15.9G ... Extended
/dev/sdf5 ... 15.9G ... Linux swap / Solaris
> sudo cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdf1 myvolume 
Device /dev/sdf1 is not a valid LUKS device
> sudo cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdf2 myvolume  
Device /dev/sdf2 is not a valid LUKS device

I still do the following but notice that the above step has to be completed successfully before proceeding

sudo fdisk -l % find the correct sector
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo mount /dev/sdf1 /mnt
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo chroot /mnt
sudo adduser masi sudo

Output

sudo: unable to resolve host ubuntu: Connection refused
The user `masi' is already a member of `sudo'.

TODO I think you need to enter the passphrase for the encryption before doing this. However, it did not ask me it in any stage.

How can you add yourself back in sudo group in Encrypted HDD of 16.04 with Strict Security Policies?

I know the answer here about How do I modify the options for the power button? However, the dconf-editor is completely different than in previous versions. There is no Settings-daemon. It looks like this

How can you change power-button to be Suspend in 16.04?

I know the thread How do I install Adobe Acrobat Reader deb package downloaded from Adobe website? However, there is no Linux anymore in the installation site here. Unsuccessful attempts

• I do DriraWassim's proposal which does not add anything to apt-get and does not show the installed .deb package in the path/search

  sudo apt-get install libxml2:i386 
  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get upgrade 
  apt-cache search adobereader-enu
  

  I download the newest .deb package here and run it. I cannot find the application anywhere in the system. It is not in the path and not in Ubuntu's search. How can you start it?

System: Ubuntu 16.04, 64 bit
Hardware: Macbook Air 2013-mid
Linux kernel: 4.6

I get Eclipse 3.8 in apt-get, and having a problem with .nb files with it here about How to Have Mathematica 10 Workbench in Ubuntu 16.04? I do not understand how this can possible that only 3.8 in apt-get, since 3.8 is already two years old.

I am trying to search GSview in Linux, but I cannot find it by apt-cache search gsview.

How can you install gsview in Ubuntu 14.04?

I did not manage to find anyone. I have a problem that I need to access my CHM files over network and over VPN which makes the requirement rather slow with the normal CHM viewer. Therefore, I thought about terminal viewer of the format.

There are html viewers of terminal, elinks/lynx, but none of them can maintain chm features such searches in different environments. The standard of CHM viewers is h.exe in Windows. Anything that can reach even near it with search capabilities would be nice in terminal.

Is there any terminal viewer of CHM files in Ubuntu?

I want to type A with dots (Ä / ä) as one-level keybinding in Ubuntu 16.04's keyboard of Macbook Air 2013-mid, output of setxkbmap -query

rules:      evdev
model:      pc105
layout:     us,us
variant:    dvorak,
options:    ctrl:nocaps

By default, there is no AltGr in the keyboard, just two Alts. This command makes your right alt the compose key (AltGr) but maintains your own custom keyboard configurations etc having Capslock as CTRL by caps:ctrl_modifier, see here

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.input-sources xkb-options \
    "$(gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.input-sources xkb-options \ 
    | sed "s/]/, 'compose:ralt']/")"

It would be really great to have xmodmap independent solution if this is going to be changed because it is going to be depreciated.

Two-level keybinding approach

We can only do two-level keybinding approach with Dvorak International with deadkeys.

• SeverusTux's answer is two-level command as AltGr-Shift-Q + A, which works only in us-drovak, international with deadkeys.
• SeverusTux. Ctrl+Shift+u +e4 + Enter works and gives you ä. How can you map this to a one-level keybinding Alt-a?

I do where you see that the GUI make the change elsewhere. I really want to know where

masi@masi:~$ cat /usr/share/X11/locale/en_US.UTF-8/Compose > /home/masi/Desktop/test1
% I make here a change in the GUI as proposed by Severus: compose key = right Alt
masi@masi:~$ cat /usr/share/X11/locale/en_US.UTF-8/Compose > /home/masi/Desktop/test2
masi@masi:~$ diff /home/masi/Desktop/test1 /home/masi/Desktop/test2
[ no output ]

This shows that the xserver does not update fast. You have to change your keyboard to something else and back again, for the change.

One-level Keybinding Approach

I want one-level command as AltGr-A for ä and AltGr-Shift-A for Ä in English(US-dvorak). I do xev -e keyboard and press AltGr

[ignore the beginning; press AltGr]
KeyPress event, serial 28, synthetic NO, window 0x4400001, 
root 0xd6, subw 0x0, time 13661220, (186,522), root:(186,574), 
state 0x0, keycode 108 (keysym 0xffea, Alt_R), same_screen YES, 
XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
XFilterEvent returns: False 

KeyRelease event, serial 28, synthetic NO, window 0x4400001, 
root 0xd6, subw 0x0, time 13661284, (186,522), root:(186,574), 
state 0x8, keycode 108 (keysym 0xffea, Alt_R), same_screen YES, 
XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
XFilterEvent returns: False

You can get all possible switches by more /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/xorg.lst | grep lv3 but we are only interested in lv3:ralt_switch

  lv3:switch           Right Ctrl
  lv3:menu_switch      Menu
  lv3:win_switch       Any Win key
  lv3:lwin_switch      Left Win
  lv3:rwin_switch      Right Win
  lv3:alt_switch       Any Alt key
  lv3:lalt_switch      Left Alt
  lv3:ralt_switch      Right Alt
  lv3:ralt_switch_multikey Right Alt, Shift+Right Alt key is Compose
  lv3:ralt_alt         Right Alt key never chooses 3rd level
  lv3:enter_switch     Enter on keypad
  lv3:caps_switch      Caps Lock
  lv3:bksl_switch      Backslash
  lv3:lsgt_switch      <Less/Greater>
  lv3:caps_switch_latch Caps Lock chooses 3rd level, acts as onetime lock when pressed together with another 3rd-level-chooser
  lv3:bksl_switch_latch Backslash chooses 3rd level, acts as onetime lock when pressed together with another 3rd-level-chooser
  lv3:lsgt_switch_latch <Less/Greater> chooses 3rd level, acts as onetime lock when pressed together with another 3rd-level-chooser

My keyboard layouts tested but main English(US-dvorak)

Final solution [Sneetsher]

I set A with dots in English(dvorak) by AltGr-a. Merge the changes in/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/us; now German-Dvorak because it works very well for Scandinavian languages too (from here)

// based on a keyboard map from an 'xkb/symbols/dk' file
// Added A with dots and O with dots for AltGr-A and AltGr-O, respectively. Sneether and Masi, 17-June-2016.

partial alphanumeric_keys
xkb_symbols "dvorak" {

    name[Group1]= "English (Dvorak)";

    key <TLDE> { [       grave, asciitilde, dead_grave, dead_tilde      ] };

    key <AE01> { [          1,  exclam          ]       };
    key <AE02> { [          2,  at              ]       };
    key <AE03> { [          3,  numbersign      ]       };
    key <AE04> { [          4,  dollar          ]       };
    key <AE05> { [          5,  percent         ]       };
    key <AE06> { [          6,  asciicircum, dead_circumflex, dead_circumflex ] };
    key <AE07> { [          7,  ampersand       ]       };
    key <AE08> { [          8,  asterisk        ]       };
    key <AE09> { [          9,  parenleft,  dead_grave] };
    key <AE10> { [          0,  parenright      ]       };
    key <AE11> { [ bracketleft, braceleft       ]       };
    key <AE12> { [ bracketright, braceright,  dead_tilde] };

    key <AD01> { [  apostrophe, quotedbl, dead_acute, dead_diaeresis    ] };
    key <AD02> { [      comma,  less,   dead_cedilla, dead_caron        ] };
    key <AD03> { [      period, greater, dead_abovedot, periodcentered  ] };
    key <AD04> { [          p,  P               ]       };
    key <AD05> { [          y,  Y               ]       };
    key <AD06> { [          f,  F               ]       };
    key <AD07> { [          g,  G               ]       };
    key <AD08> { [          c,  C               ]       };
    key <AD09> { [          r,  R               ]       };
    key <AD10> { [          l,  L               ]       };
    key <AD11> { [      slash,  question        ]       };
    key <AD12> { [      equal,  plus            ]       };

    key <AC01> {[ a,          A,    adiaeresis,       Adiaeresis ]      };
    key <AC02> {[ o,          O,    odiaeresis,       Odiaeresis ]      };
    key <AC03> { [ e, E, ediaeresis, Ediaeresis ] };
    key <AC04> { [ u, U, udiaeresis, Udiaeresis ] };
    key <AC05> { [          i,  I               ]       };
    key <AC06> { [          d,  D               ]       };
    key <AC07> { [          h,  H               ]       };
    key <AC08> { [          t,  T               ]       };
    key <AC09> { [          n,  N               ]       };
    key <AC10> { [ s, S, ssharp ] };
    key <AC11> { [      minus,  underscore      ]       };

    key <AB01> { [   semicolon, colon, dead_ogonek, dead_doubleacute ] };
    key <AB02> { [          q,  Q               ]       };
    key <AB03> { [          j,  J               ]       };
    key <AB04> { [          k,  K               ]       };
    key <AB05> { [          x,  X               ]       };
    key <AB06> { [          b,  B               ]       };
    key <AB07> { [          m,  M               ]       };
    key <AB08> { [          w,  W               ]       };
    key <AB09> { [          v,  V               ]       };
    key <AB10> { [          z,  Z               ]       };

    key <BKSL> { [  backslash,  bar             ]       };

    include "level3(ralt_switch)"
};

Or use the script which is however still buggy

# restore your current keyboard settings 
sudo apt-get install --reinstall xkb-data
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.input-sources xkb-options "['compose:ralt', 'caps:ctrl_modifier']"

sudo sed -i.bak 's/[[ \t]*a,[ \t]*A[ \t]*]/[ a,          A,    adiaeresis,       Adiaeresis ]/g;' /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/us; 
sudo sed -i.bak 's/[[ \t]*o,[ \t]*O[ \t]*]/[ o,          O,    odiaeresis,       Odiaeresis ]/g;' /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/us; 
# German-Dvorak feels better
#sudo sed -i.bak 's/[[ \t]*e,[ \t]*E[ \t]*]/[ e,          E,    ediaeresis,       Ediaeresis ]/g;' /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/us; 
#sudo sed -i.bak 's/[[ \t]*u,[ \t]*U[ \t]*]/[ u,          U,    udiaeresis,       Udiaeresis ]/g;' /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/us; 
#sudo sed -i.bak 's/[[ \t]*s,[ \t]*S[ \t]*]/[ s,          S,    ssharp ]/g;' /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/us; 

# add     include "level3(ralt_switch)" to the end of the environment
# https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/290407/16920
# https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/290405/16920
pos=( $( sed -n -f - /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/us <<END_SED
    /xkb_symbols "dvorak" {/,/^};/{
            /xkb_symbols "dvorak" {/=
            /^};/=
    }
END_SED
) )
sudo sed -i.bak "${pos[1]}i\    include \"level3(ralt_switch)\"" /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/us

sudo dpkg-reconfigure xkb-data
# Change your keyboard. Change Back. Should work. But some bug. I cannot get the script works stably. 

Bugs

1. TODO problem with reloading the keyboard back to xserver https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/290449/16920 The manual change does not work always.
2. Complications: Xserver does not load those keys fast and not even in all cases after restart/logout.

Systems: Ubuntu 16.04
Linux kernel: 4.4 - 4.6
Keyboard model: pc105
Keyboard layout for two-level keybinding approach: US-dvorak international with deadkeys
Keyboard layout for one-level keybinding approach: English (Dvorak) = US-dvorak, but also English (Classic Dvorak)

I have the Android phone where I have notes. I would like to control them periodically in my Ubuntu laptop because too much work to handle them with the phone itself. It would be great if the phone then could sync back and understand changes on the notes in Ubuntu.

How can you notes of S Memo of Android with Ubuntu?

Condition: extraneous notifications and popups when phone connected to USB.
Differential conditions: power management failure with USB, network card management failure.
Support: notifications, popups and dmesg warnings occur mostly when the power state reaches maximum high, but become rather stable when power state percentage stays constant.

The file manager keeps opening when I have my phone connected to my laptop via USB (Figure 1 and 2). There are also popup icons in the left-hand-side bar (Figure 3). There are also frequent internet connection notifications on/off when tethering (Figure 4 and 5). The bad quality cable increases the frequency of those annoyances. All types of notifications can be many times per minute. Their rate increases when the battery reaches high power state, but stays stable when battery is fully charged.

• I do wjandrea's proposal gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.media-handling automount-open false which solves automount-open issue, its dmesg | tail state here.

You see about 10-30 windows for the error (Figure 1 and 2) and the right-hand-side icon of the phone popping back-and-forth (Figure 3) when just keeping the device connected to the laptop

• I do wjandrea's second proposal gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.media-handling automount false. However, the icon of Samsung phone starts to popup in the left-hand-side bar again and again. It occurs mostly when my laptop is fully charged so it can be a problem in the power-management. Its dmesg | tail state is here (See Figure 3 also), which occurred first time and mostly when my laptop reaches about its maximum battery state.

Subset of the second dmesg here

[    5.788819] wl: module license 'MIXED/Proprietary' taints kernel.
[    5.788820] Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint
[    5.789154] input: HDA Intel PCH Headphone as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card1/input8
[    5.797453] wl: module verification failed: signature and/or required key missing - tainting kernel
[    5.812002] input: HDA Intel HDMI HDMI/DP,pcm=3 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0/sound/card0/input9
[    5.812092] input: HDA Intel HDMI HDMI/DP,pcm=7 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0/sound/card0/input10
[    5.812165] input: HDA Intel HDMI HDMI/DP,pcm=8 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0/sound/card0/input11
[    5.981764] intel_rapl: Found RAPL domain package
[    5.981769] intel_rapl: Found RAPL domain core
[    5.981771] intel_rapl: Found RAPL domain uncore
[    5.981772] intel_rapl: Found RAPL domain dram
[    6.024117] wlan0: Broadcom BCM43a0 802.11 Hybrid Wireless Controller 6.30.223.248 (r487574)
[    6.030416] applesmc: key=561 fan=1 temp=33 index=33 acc=0 lux=2 kbd=1
[    6.050130] wl 0000:03:00.0 wlp3s0: renamed from wlan0
[    6.242168] Non-volatile memory driver v1.3
[    6.428191] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlp3s0: link is not ready
[    6.862799] input: bcm5974 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-5/1-5:1.2/input/input12
[    6.862926] usbcore: registered new interface driver bcm5974
[    7.053663] fuse init (API version 7.24)
[    7.329118] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.21
[    7.329540] NET: Registered protocol family 31
[    7.329543] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized
[    7.329548] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized
[    7.329551] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized
[    7.329558] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized
[    7.350445] usbcore: registered new interface driver btusb
[    7.355183] Bluetooth: hci0: BCM: chip id 73 build 0932
[    7.356184] Bluetooth: hci0: BCM: product 05ac:828f
[    7.372192] Bluetooth: hci0: BCM20702B0 Generic USB Class 1 @ 20 MHz
[    7.391321] usb 1-3.1: USB disconnect, device number 5
[    7.634631] usb 1-3.2: USB disconnect, device number 6
[    8.363517] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3
[    8.363521] Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast
[    8.363525] Bluetooth: BNEP socket layer initialized
[    8.377953] Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized
[    8.377960] Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized
[    8.377965] Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.11
[   78.943062] usb 1-1: USB disconnect, device number 2
[   79.308530] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 8 using xhci_hcd
[   79.437071] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=04e8, idProduct=6863
[   79.437079] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[   79.437083] usb 1-1: Product: SAMSUNG_Android
[   79.437086] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: SAMSUNG
[   79.437089] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: d068730a
[   79.978452] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_ether
[   79.981649] rndis_host 1-1:1.0 usb0: register 'rndis_host' at usb-0000:00:14.0-1, RNDIS device, 02:57:00:57:38:37
[   79.981726] usbcore: registered new interface driver rndis_host
[   79.983854] rndis_host 1-1:1.0 enp0s20u1: renamed from usb0
[   80.011403] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): enp0s20u1: link is not ready
[ 1290.235637] usb 1-1: USB disconnect, device number 8
[ 1290.235777] rndis_host 1-1:1.0 enp0s20u1: unregister 'rndis_host' usb-0000:00:14.0-1, RNDIS device
[ 1290.591107] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 9 using xhci_hcd
[ 1290.719964] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=04e8, idProduct=6863
[ 1290.719973] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 1290.719977] usb 1-1: Product: SAMSUNG_Android
[ 1290.719981] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: SAMSUNG
[ 1290.719984] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: d068730a
[ 1290.722251] rndis_host 1-1:1.0 usb0: register 'rndis_host' at usb-0000:00:14.0-1, RNDIS device, 02:57:00:57:38:37
[ 1291.255806] rndis_host 1-1:1.0 enp0s20u1: renamed from usb0
[ 1291.277892] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): enp0s20u1: link is not ready
[ 1870.316573] usb 1-1: USB disconnect, device number 9
[ 1870.316687] rndis_host 1-1:1.0 enp0s20u1: unregister 'rndis_host' usb-0000:00:14.0-1, RNDIS device
[ 1871.735777] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 10 using xhci_hcd
[ 1871.865681] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=04e8, idProduct=6860
[ 1871.865687] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 1871.865690] usb 1-1: Product: SAMSUNG_Android
[ 1871.865692] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: SAMSUNG
[ 1871.865694] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: d068730a
[ 2265.887618] usb 1-1: USB disconnect, device number 10
[ 2268.395967] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 11 using xhci_hcd
[ 2268.524992] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=04e8, idProduct=6860
[ 2268.524998] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 2268.525001] usb 1-1: Product: SAMSUNG_Android
[ 2268.525003] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: SAMSUNG
[ 2268.525005] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: d068730a
[ 2389.754208] usb 1-1: USB disconnect, device number 11
[ 2451.283233] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 12 using xhci_hcd
[ 2451.412713] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=04e8, idProduct=6860
[ 2451.412719] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 2451.412722] usb 1-1: Product: SAMSUNG_Android
[ 2451.412725] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: SAMSUNG
[ 2451.412727] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: d068730a
[ 4253.278282] usb 1-1: USB disconnect, device number 12
[ 4254.096939] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 13 using xhci_hcd
[ 4259.392860] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 14 using xhci_hcd
[ 4259.522162] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=04e8, idProduct=6860
[ 4259.522167] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 4259.522170] usb 1-1: Product: SAMSUNG_Android
[ 4259.522173] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: SAMSUNG
[ 4259.522175] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: d068730a
[ 4259.731917] usb 1-1: USB disconnect, device number 14
[ 4260.068777] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 15 using xhci_hcd
[ 4260.200384] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=04e8, idProduct=6860
[ 4260.200389] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 4260.200392] usb 1-1: Product: SAMSUNG_Android
[ 4260.200395] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: SAMSUNG
[ 4260.200397] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: d068730a
[ 4487.825779] usb 1-1: USB disconnect, device number 15
[ 4488.457511] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 16 using xhci_hcd
[ 4488.643676] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=04e8, idProduct=6860
[ 4488.643682] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 4488.643685] usb 1-1: Product: SAMSUNG_Android
[ 4488.643687] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: SAMSUNG
[ 4488.643689] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: d068730a
[ 4507.592538] usb 1-1: USB disconnect, device number 16
[ 4507.929239] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 17 using xhci_hcd
[ 4508.115547] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=04e8, idProduct=6860
[ 4508.115553] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 4508.115556] usb 1-1: Product: SAMSUNG_Android
[ 4508.115558] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: SAMSUNG
[ 4508.115560] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: d068730a

Other proposals

• Sneetsher. It works the first day. I will let you know how it works in the next week.

  > sudo -i 
  > sed 's/LABEL="libmtp_usb_rules"/LABEL="libmtp_usb_rules"\n\n#Masi, ignore my phone\nATTR{idVendor}=="04e8", ATTR{idProduct}=="6863", GOTO="libmtp_rules_end"/g' /lib/udev/rules.d/69-libmtp.rules | sudo tee /etc/udev/rules.d/69-libmtp.rules \
  udevadm control --reload-rules
  
  # TODO for long time monitoring
  

Phone: Samsung Galaxy S4 gt-i9506 with Temasek's unofficial ROM of CyanogenMod 13 with sufficient patches
Ubuntu versions: 16.04
Linux kernel: 4.4 and 4.6
Linux kernel options: wl
Bash: 4.3.42(1)-release (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)
Laptop: mid-2013 Macbook Air
USB: two USB3 ports (up to 5 Gbps) (here official specs)
Network card drivers: non-free broadcom-sta-dkms (see here)
VPN in phone: NordVPN US udp server
VPN in laptop when wifi connection with router-firewall: NordVPN EE udp server

• Support 1: negative change in the power state (-1%) is associated with notifications.
• Support 2: unstable internet connection uses significant amount of power (\Delta P = 1%).
• Support 3: VPN protected internet connection decreases significantly the amount of notifications.

I know this article but there is no comparison to OSX's TimeMachine. I would like to find a backup software which is about the same as TimeMachine or better.

I would like to have such a software which can use some format of HDD which is suitable for big files (50 GB) in Linux. I noticed that

• OSX format of HFS+ is not supported by Linux distros, since no maintainer of HFS in Linux since 2006
• NTFS format made by Debian 8.1 is not supported by older Linux distros

If Windows support, good.

Try with the Backups (Deja Dup) software

I did start the backup first time but I wanted to go to lunch after backup was running already two hours of just 10 GB files. So it gave me this after the lunch

which is really insane, reported now here, since the software is not designed to have pauses in doing the backups.

In OSX, you can browse tabs in browsers by Ctrl+ N/p or similar. I have not found any keys in Ubuntu 14.04.

How can you browse tabs of browsers by keyboard in Ubuntu?

I get the following pieces of information at the startup, takes about 3 to 5 minutes, while normally about 1 minute:

Waiting network configuration
Booting system without full network configuration

I found after googling that I should change /etc/networks/interface. I commented out everything there but the problem remains:

# auto lo
# iface lo inet loopback

# auto eth0
# iface eth0 inet dhcp
# address 192.168.0.2
# netmask 255.255.255.0
# gateway 192.168.0.1
# broadcast 192.168.0.255

How can you make the startup of Ubuntu 11.10 faster?

I executed unsuccessfully the following line in /etc/rc.local with permissions 755:

sudo ifdown 00:1f:9c:c3:b3:77

where the last word is presenting the address of my wlan0 device.

Having the command rfkill block $IP-address-Of-my-wlan0 in startup scripts is not possible solution, since Network-manager is able to change soft-blocks.

You cannot configure each device separately in Network tools or in Network manager. If you change one setting the setting applies to other wifi -device too. I cannot use WICD because I need Network Manager's Mobile Broadband -feature.

How can you put a permanent software block to the given wifi -device in Ubuntu 11.10 at each startup such that other programs such as Network manager do not change it?

There is probably a file which permissions are only needed to be changed to 700 to disallow for example Network Manager to reach the device wlan0. How can you give only the user the permission to touch the device wlan0?