I want to write myself some help scripts targeting the laptop monitor and I want to make it generic.

I've noticed that on 3 different laptops with Ubuntu 22 the laptop display is always marked in xrandr as "eDP-1".

Is this always the case?

If not - what are the conditions that affect this generated display name?

I found somewhere that eDP should mean "embedded display port" so I would assume that if the laptop doesn't have more embedded display ports, it will be always marked as eDP-1. But then I found this question - eDP-1-1 to eDP-1 - for Ubuntu 20 and this archive https://lists.x.org/archives/xorg/2017-March/058634.html that mentions "eDP-1-1" in the initial state - which worries me a bit. I also failed to find the documentation describing what eDP means and what are the rules.

Scenario:

• 2 main folders, that may have subfolders with the same names (I do not know what names might be duplicated, that's what I am trying to find)
• the subfolders have MANY other files & subfolders so tools with automatic recursion are not really an option
• I only care about duplicate subfolder names on the first level of the two main folders
• contents of the subfolders don't matter
• contents of the files don't matter

I tried using meld GUI but that just takes endless time to finish for these structures.

I tried using diff --brief --report-identical-files folder1 folder2 but that basically reports everything and it does not even include the folders so I can't even | grep identical.

Am I using wrong tools? Or is there some trick that I didn't get from diff --help ? Or am I doing something wrong?

Thanks

My original problem with swap(piness) was that it was swapping too often (even with swappiness=1! ).

I also thought 0 would turn off the swappiness - which was a misconception,
Swap still works even if you set sudo sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0 ! :-)
(To set permanently, edit /etc/sysctl.conf and add/update vm.swappiness = 0 - for GUI text editor I recommend a "linux notepad" "gedit", you can then do sudo gedit /etc/sysctl.conf)

Only with swappiness 0 it started to behave more like one would expect (swapping starting at about 98% of RAM full), however I am still experiencing one more problem - and that when enough RAM is actually freed again, the swap does not automatically go back to RAM, not even over time.

Of course you could manually do sudo swapoff -a; sudo swapon -a every time which turns off the swap which ultimatelly forces the swap to be emptied out to the RAM and then swap gets started again.

However that's unhandy for 2 reasons a) the swap gets turned off for a moment b) it's a manual extra checking/running

Is there a way how to achieve this in some, preferably "native", way automatically?

So when I try to install just wine it goes without a problem, however it obviously does not install wine32 which is needed for the applications I want to run.

I've already added sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386

However when I try to sudo apt install wine32 I get these errors:

Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libavcodec58 : Breaks: libavcodec58:i386 (!= 7:4.2.4-1ubuntu0.1)
 libavcodec58:i386 : Depends: libaom0:i386 (>= 1.0.0) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libavutil56:i386 (= 7:4.3.1-5) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libcairo2:i386 (>= 1.2.4) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libcodec2-0.9:i386 (>= 0.9.2) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libdav1d4:i386 (>= 0.2.1) but it is not installable
                     Depends: libglib2.0-0:i386 (>= 2.12.0) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libgsm1:i386 (>= 1.0.18) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libmp3lame0:i386 (>= 3.100) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libopenjp2-7:i386 (>= 2.0.0) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libopus0:i386 (>= 1.1) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: librsvg2-2:i386 (>= 2.14.4) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libshine3:i386 (>= 3.1.0) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libsnappy1v5:i386 (>= 1.1.8) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libspeex1:i386 (>= 1.2~beta3-1) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libswresample3:i386 (= 7:4.3.1-5) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libtheora0:i386 (>= 1.0) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libtwolame0:i386 (>= 0.3.10) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libva2:i386 (>= 2.2.0) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libvorbis0a:i386 (>= 1.1.2) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libvorbisenc2:i386 (>= 1.1.2) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libvpx6:i386 (>= 1.6.0) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libwavpack1:i386 (>= 4.40.0) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libwebp6:i386 (>= 0.5.1) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libwebpmux3:i386 (>= 0.6.1-2+b1) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libx264-160:i386 (>= 2:0.160.3011+gitcde9a93) but it is not installable
                     Depends: libx265-192:i386 (>= 3.2) but it is not installable
                     Depends: libxvidcore4:i386 (>= 1.2.2) but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libzvbi0:i386 (>= 0.2.35) but it is not going to be installed
                     Breaks: libavcodec58 (!= 7:4.3.1-5)
 wine32:i386 : Depends: libwine:i386 (= 5.0-3ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages

After a deeper look it seems that there are 2 problems:

1) Some dependencies "break" each other

2) Many dependecies are required in a version that is just not available from Ubuntu 20.04

Can I somehow force wine32 install to install dependencies with the needed versions?

Sidenote: wine broke after an upgrade from Ubuntu 18.04 to 20.04, on 18.04 I somehow got it working just fine using add architecture and the winehq repository...

EDIT

repositories
Currently disabled (was enabled while I was trying to debug this)
https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/Emulators:/Wine:/Debian/xUbuntu_18.04/ (regular & source)
Currently enabled
https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ (regular & source)

output of apt-cache policy wine32

wine32:i386:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 5.0-3ubuntu1
  Version table:
     5.0-3ubuntu1 500
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/universe i386 Packages

output of grep -ir ^deb /etc/apt/ --include=*.list

/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal main universe restricted multiverse
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security restricted universe multiverse main
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates restricted universe multiverse main
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-backports restricted universe multiverse main
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ focal main
/etc/apt/sources.list:deb-src https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ focal main

When I've disabled all those repositories and purge all wine and ran autoremove and clean and autoclean and apt update, then tried to sudo apt install wine32 the output is now:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 wine32:i386 : Depends: libwine:i386 (= 5.0-3ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

Output of apt-cache policy wine32 remains the same output of grep -ir ^deb /etc/apt/ --include=*.list is reduced by the removed repos.

EDIT 2:

apt-cache policy libwine:i386
libwine:i386:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 5.0-3ubuntu1
  Version table:
     5.0-3ubuntu1 500
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/universe i386 Packages

dpkg -l | grep -i wine => no results

sudo apt-get install libwine:i386
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libwine:i386 : Depends: libfaudio0:i386 (>= 19.06.07) but it is not going to be installed
                Depends: libglib2.0-0:i386 (>= 2.12.0) but it is not going to be installed
                Depends: libgphoto2-6:i386 (>= 2.5.10) but it is not going to be installed
                Depends: libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0:i386 (>= 1.0.0) but it is not going to be installed
                Depends: libgstreamer1.0-0:i386 (>= 1.4.0) but it is not going to be installed
                Depends: libxml2:i386 (>= 2.9.0) but it is not going to be installed
                Recommends: libcups2:i386 (>= 1.4.0) but it is not going to be installed
                Recommends: libgssapi-krb5-2:i386 (>= 1.6.dfsg.2) but it is not going to be installed
                Recommends: libkrb5-3:i386 (>= 1.6.dfsg.2) but it is not going to be installed
                Recommends: libsane:i386 (>= 1.0.24) but it is not going to be installed
                Recommends: libxslt1.1:i386 (>= 1.1.25) but it is not going to be installed
                Recommends: gstreamer1.0-plugins-good:i386 but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

Currently, when I do a latest apt update&upgrade (Ubuntu 20.04) I only end up with python 3.8.5 subversion of 3.8, although latest subversion of Python 3.8 is 3.8.6

I've looked at https://packages.ubuntu.com/focal/python/ and it seems the package system just doesn't have the latest upgrade yet.

How would I upgrade to the latest python 3.8 (currently 3.8.6) without damaging future auto update?

So yesterday I've upgraded to Ubuntu 20.04 from 18.04, firstly I had to finish up with a partial upgrade that the software updater suggested, then it asked me to remove all the unused packages so I did, then I've ran it one more time to be sure ALL the software is up to date, it seemed at first glance it went well.
Today I found out there are no applications in the "start" menu (when you click on the Ubuntu icon on the launcher, some may call it applications lens) - I only got a message "Sorry, there is nothing that matches your search" application menu gone too with same message.

I did search a bit but I found a similar problem only for gnome caused by gnome-tweaks tool, but I am using Unity, but in the end...

...I found the solution - see steps in my answer :)

I need more space on my root partition running Ubuntu 17 (using Xfce session).
I do have a lot of unallocated space BEFORE.
However, when I try to resize root partition - /dev/sdb2 , I can't add/remove a MiB...

Is this even possible?

If so, can it somehow be done from the live system or do I have to use live CD/USB?

There is really just Ubuntu and Xcfe session, LUBUNTU_SYSTEM is just an old label :)

I am using Ubuntu 17. I am moving files from SSD (also the system disk) to a HDD. However, at the same time, I need to browse and use files from the HDD - but moving files to the HDD slows the working with it very much.

This might sound rather strange - but is there a way
how to slow down file moving / trasnfer? ...
...so the HDD would not be occupied that much?

(I understand all of the disadvantages of doing so... so I am looking really for a "how to" rather than why not... :) )

I am in the situation where only bootable external media I can use is an USB flash and only option I can use to connect to Internet is Wi-Fi.

I am trying to install Lubuntu on an older Acer laptop and I am having the issue with the grub installation, I've read that it can be solved by connecting the device to the Internet (people are also advising to select .../sdX instead of .../sda, but the installation is stuck there, so I am trying this way).

Also I would like for it to get any updates while installing, that's reason No.2.

So how would I connect to wifi, before the installation? Can it somehow be prepared from the live run?

Lubuntu ISO I am using: lubuntu-16.10-desktop-amd64.iso

I will be grateful for any advice/help ! Thanks :)
(I am a linux sometimes-user, I know a few basic commands, but I am not an expert...)