αғsнιη's questions

In Bash (as well as Bash in WSL), multiline written commands can call-back with up/down arrows correctly also built-in history command report them correctly (until I'm still logged-in in bash).

But after exiting from bash and press up/down arrows, multiline commands appears each as separate entries and that's because cat ~/.bash_history has chucked the command on multiple separate entries and writing problem here; the history command result messed too.

I have set these options in ~/.bashrc

shopt -s cmdhist lithist
HISTTIMEFORMAT='%F %T '

and now writing problem fixed but history command still report in multiple line and separate entries (reading problem now).

Bash version is 4.3, same issue on v4.4

there is this bug report since a long years but no solution yet.

Update:

it's also to mention that below multiline command as an example is correctly displaying even after exit Bash:

for i in {1..10}
do
echo $i
done

but this is failing:

awk '
{ print $1}' <<<'first last'

Update 2:

the issue mentioned above is fixed in Bash v5.0.0+ that changed to recognize entries between "timestamp as delimiter" as single entry of command (HISTTIMEFORMAT, cmdhist and lithist must be set).

Is there a way to prevent all commands from being defined as an alias?

For example a user shouldn't be able to define rm or any other command (Ubuntu default commands) as an alias name.

Why is it insecure to use the combination of -execdir action of find while using -exec isn't?

When I'm running the below command I'm getting the following prompt message:

/path/to/currentDir/$ find . -type f -name 'partOfFileNames*' -execdir rm -- {} +

find: The current directory is included in the PATH environment variable, which is insecure 
in combination with the -execdir action of find.  Please remove the current directory 
from your $PATH (that is, remove "." or leading or trailing colons)

What may caused this prompt appearing?

How do I redirect the Terminal content (the content that currently I'm looking not the entire file, when using the less command) into a outfile until I press the Q to exit from less?

For this given input:

How to get This line that this word repeated 3 times in THIS line?
But not this line which is THIS word repeated 2 times.
And I will get This line with this here and This one
A test line with four this and This another THIS and last this

I want this output:

How to get This line that this word repeated 3 times in THIS line?
And I will get This line with this here and This one

Getting whole lines contains only three repeated "this" words. (case insensitive match)

I'm looking for a alternative for | operator in bash shell for redirecting output of command as input to the next command. Is there any alternative?

something like :

command1 | command2 | command3

with alternative to:

command1 X command2 X command3

X will be use in place of |. Is it possible to avoid of using | and replace it with the actual operator of that?

I'm wondering to know that what difference is the between using + and ; at the end of -exec command when I use in find command?

find .... -exec ... \; 

VS

find .... -exec ... + 

Is there a way I can upload some photos to imgur.com via the command-line and get their direct link as result in a text file?

By default, sudo prompts me to input my user password a maximum of three times if I input wrong password. How can I change it to unlimited times(?)? How can I make it so that it asks me for my password until I enter the right one?

Content of my filename file is as following(for example):

My block of line starts from here 
START
First line
second line
third line
END
and end to here for example.

I want to replace block of lines between START and END with just a single word, for example with SINGLEWORD. Like below:

My block of line starts from here 
SINGLEWORD
and end to here for example.

I can find my block of lines with using this command:

grep -Pzo "START(.|\n)*END" filename

And the result of running above command will be like this:

START
First line
second line
third line
END

Then I used this command to combine all lines into a single line:

LAST_RESULT | sed -e :a -e '/$/N; s/\n/ /; ta'

Then I will get this result:

START First line second line third line END

And with my last command LAST_RESULTS | sed 's/.*/SINGLEWORD/' I change them to "SINGLEWORD" and I get this result.

SINGLEWORD

Now what I want is: How can I use this command(Or your suggestion command) and replace(in place)my block of lines to "SINGLEWORD" word? And the final result will be like this file:

My block of line starts from here 
SINGLEWORD
and end to here for example.

An alias for ls command in ~/.bashrc file aliased with this one:

alias ls='ls --color=auto'

then, when I run ls command in terminal aliased ls(ls --color=auto) runs. but my question is how can I run original ls only and only ls alone without extra argument and without solving problem with deleting aliased entry? since when I delete this entry I can run it in simple ls.

In below function with 9 arguments:

SUM() { 
    echo "The sum is $(($1+$2+$3+$4+$5+$6+$7+$8+$9))"
}

I want to make the second arguments to the next(3..9) become a optional arguments.

When I call the function with 2 arguments I get error:

SUM 3 8
bash: 3+8+++++++: syntax error: operand expected (error token is "+")

Note BOLD: first argument and second argument are force arguments and not optional for function. I only want second arguments to the next is optional and when I call the function less than 2 args the function must return no result.

Why when I try to write a function just in one line into .bashrc file,

list(){ ls -a }

I get error?

bash: /home/username/.bashrc: line num: syntax error: unexpected end of file

but when I write it in multi line it's ok?

list(){
    ls -a
}

Is any way to remove my computer name from command line prompt?

I want the prompt to look like this:

αғsнιη:~$

Instead of this:

αғsнιη@αғsнιη-pc:~$

I've recently downloaded a package with .bundle extension. it's VMware-Player-6.0.3-1895310.x86_64.bundle. I want to install vmware-player, but when I open that, it opens with text editor.

I have some files with different extensions such as *.pdf, *.mp3, *.jpg and a few others. All of them are stored in a parent directory.

How can I get a list of all extensions, create some folders based on these extensions and then move all files into their relevant folders?

When we want to run a programs as root we use sudo, gksu, gksudo and etc. Now my question is how do we can run a Terminal as the root user in Terminal?

I tried with using gksudo terminal and gksu terminal but nothing happens. and by running sudo terminal I get error sudo: terminal: command not found.

I copied some file from source folder into destination folder by using bellow command line in terminal.

sudo cp From_SOURCE/* To_DESTINATION/

Now I want to undo this command.

I have a dual boot ubuntu and windows 8. Ubuntu is default os to start up and countdown select the default os to boot If I don't change that before. When I order between ubuntu and windows 8 countdown automatically hide and then, I have to press enter to boot from any highlighted os without time limit.My question is: How can I disable countdown for always and I select which os starts up with using up/down arrow key myself and until I don't select and don't pressing enter, that freeze on grub menu. Any ideas would be my pleasure

Note: There is no /etc/default/grub file in my ubuntu.

Edit: I reinstalled grub (sudo apt-get --reinstall install grub2 grub-pc) and now i have a/etc/default/grub file but the countdown did not stop with this changes:

# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
# For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
#   info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'

GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true
GRUB_TIMEOUT="-1"
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

# Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs
# This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains
# the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...)
#GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef"

# Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only)
#GRUB_TERMINAL=console

# The resolution used on graphical terminal
# note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE
# you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo'
#GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480

# Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux
#GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true

# Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries
#GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"

# Uncomment to get a beep at grub start
#GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1"

I delete double quote GRUB_TIMEOUT="-1" around -1 which is automatically added to it and save then running sudo update-grub I get the following warning:

Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when 
         GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supporte

I have a Sony vaio laptop fit 15E model SVF1521DCXW and I want to turn OFF its keyboard back-light. It doesn't have a phisycal function shortcut key on the keyboard . I can turn off it with VAIO Control Center in Windows OS but I don't know how can I turn it off in Ubuntu 14.04.

I get SVF1521DCXW by running sudo dmidecode -s system-product-name.

First of all doesn't exist /sys/devices/platform/sony-laptop/kbd_backlight file on my machine.

By default, keyboard backlight is stay OFF; When I press any key it turns ON for a while 15 seconds and if I don't touch any key, it goes to turns OFF again.

Important: All try had same result on battery and AC power

The ls -l /sys/devices/platform/sony-laptop/ command shown files/directoes/symbolic links as following (I removed extra attributes and highlighted type of them into [ ]. All of them are root owner.):

[-]r--r--r-- 1   battery_care_health
[-]rw-r--r-- 1   battery_care_limiter
[l]rwxrwxrwx 1    driver -> ../../../bus/platform/drivers/sony-laptop
[-]r--r--r-- 1   modalias
[d]rwxr-xr-x 2   power
[l]rwxrwxrwx 1    subsystem -> ../../../bus/platform
[-]rw-r--r-- 1   touchpad
[-]rw-r--r-- 1   uevent

What modules are loaded if I run lsmod command:

Module                  Size  Used by
sony_laptop            54219  0 
uvcvideo               80885  0 
videobuf2_vmalloc      13216  1 uvcvideo
videobuf2_memops       13362  1 videobuf2_vmalloc
videobuf2_core         40664  1 uvcvideo
videodev              134688  2 uvcvideo,videobuf2_core
rfcomm                 69160  0 
bnep                   19624  2 
bluetooth             391136  10 bnep,rfcomm
snd_hda_codec_hdmi     46368  1 
snd_hda_codec_realtek    65580  1 
microread_mei          12811  0 
microread              13420  1 microread_mei
mei_phy                13881  1 microread_mei
crc_ccitt              12707  1 microread
hci                    44425  2 mei_phy,microread
snd_hda_intel          56451  3 
snd_hda_codec         192906  3 snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel
snd_hwdep              13602  1 snd_hda_codec
nfc                    95012  2 hci,microread
intel_rapl             18773  0 
x86_pkg_temp_thermal    14205  0 
intel_powerclamp       14705  0 
coretemp               13435  0 
kvm_intel             143109  0 
kvm                   451552  1 kvm_intel
snd_pcm               102099  3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_intel
crct10dif_pclmul       14289  0 
crc32_pclmul           13113  0 
ghash_clmulni_intel    13216  0 
snd_page_alloc         18710  2 snd_pcm,snd_hda_intel
snd_seq_midi           13324  0 
snd_seq_midi_event     14899  1 snd_seq_midi
snd_rawmidi            30144  1 snd_seq_midi
aesni_intel            55624  1683 
aes_x86_64             17131  1 aesni_intel
lrw                    13286  1 aesni_intel
gf128mul               14951  1 lrw
glue_helper            13990  1 aesni_intel
ablk_helper            13597  1 aesni_intel
lib80211_crypt_tkip    17619  0 
cryptd                 20359  844 ghash_clmulni_intel,aesni_intel,ablk_helper
snd_seq                61560  2 snd_seq_midi_event,snd_seq_midi
snd_seq_device         14497  3 snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq_midi
snd_timer              29482  2 snd_pcm,snd_seq
joydev                 17381  0 
serio_raw              13462  0 
wl                   4207846  0 
lib80211               14381  2 wl,lib80211_crypt_tkip
cfg80211              484040  1 wl
lpc_ich                21080  0 
rtsx_pci_ms            18151  0 
snd                    69322  17 snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hwdep,snd_timer,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_pcm,snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_intel,snd_seq_device,snd_seq_midi
memstick               16966  1 rtsx_pci_ms
soundcore              12680  1 snd
mei_me                 18627  0 
mei                    82276  3 mei_phy,mei_me,microread_mei
mac_hid                13205  0 
parport_pc             32701  0 
ppdev                  17671  0 
lp                     17759  0 
binfmt_misc            17468  1 
parport                42348  3 lp,ppdev,parport_pc
rtsx_pci_sdmmc         23274  0 
nouveau              1097199  1 
i915                  783805  4 
mxm_wmi                13021  1 nouveau
wmi                    19177  2 mxm_wmi,nouveau
ttm                    85150  1 nouveau
i2c_algo_bit           13413  2 i915,nouveau
psmouse               106678  0 
ahci                   25819  2 
drm_kms_helper         55071  2 i915,nouveau
libahci                32716  1 ahci
drm                   303102  8 ttm,i915,drm_kms_helper,nouveau
r8169                  67581  0 
rtsx_pci               46202  2 rtsx_pci_ms,rtsx_pci_sdmmc
mii                    13934  1 r8169
video                  19476  2 i915,nouveau

This is the output of running modinfo sony-laptop:(NB: See the last two lines)

filename:       /lib/modules/3.13.0-37-generic/kernel/drivers/platform/x86/sony-laptop.ko
version:        0.6
license:        GPL
description:    Sony laptop extras driver (SPIC and SNC ACPI device)
author:         Stelian Pop, Mattia Dongili
srcversion:     5C6E050349475558A231C59
alias:          acpi*:SNY6001:*
alias:          acpi*:SNY5001:*
depends:        
intree:         Y
vermagic:       3.13.0-37-generic SMP mod_unload modversions 
signer:         Magrathea: Glacier signing key
sig_key:        2C:B1:13:3B:35:F9:5A:9E:24:DE:AB:EE:B1:2B:A4:49:BC:BA:BB:C9
sig_hashalgo:   sha512
parm:           debug:set this to 1 (and RTFM) if you want to help the development of this driver (int)
parm:           no_spic:set this if you don't want to enable the SPIC device (int)
parm:           compat:set this if you want to enable backward compatibility mode (int)
parm:           mask:set this to the mask of event you want to enable (see doc) (ulong)
parm:           camera:set this to 1 to enable Motion Eye camera controls (only use it if you have a C1VE or C1VN model) (int)
parm:           minor:minor number of the misc device for the SPIC compatibility code, default is -1 (automatic) (int)

parm:           kbd_backlight:set this to 0 to disable keyboard backlight, 1 to enable it (default: no change from current value) (int)
parm:           kbd_backlight_timeout:meaningful values vary from 0 to 3 and their meaning depends on the model (default: no change from current value) (int)

Same output ^^ if run modinfo sony_laptop(Note: underscore_ instead of dash-)

What I tried are as following:

1. Reloading modprobe module with passing following commands:

sudo modprobe -r sony_laptop            # <- No output. back to command prompt. And with -l option I get modprobe: invalid option -- 'l'
sudo modprobe -v sony_laptop kbd_backlight=0

Output of second command in above:(for both trying with sony_laptop and/or sony-laptop. also I changed kbd_backlight=0 to kbd-backlight=0 and I get no error and gave me the below output)

insmod /lib/modules/3.13.0-35-generic/kernel/drivers/platform/x86/sony-laptop.ko kbd_backlight=0

Result: No changes.

2. Reloding modprobe module with passing this command:

sudo modprobe -v sony_laptop kbd_backlight_timeout=3 kbd_backlight=0

Output: Nothing.
So I tried all things from this thread.
Result: No change.

3. ls -l /sys/class/leds

Output: total 0 (actually Nothing)

4. Trying to founding file

1. cat /etc/modprobe.d/sony-laptop.conf
2. cat /etc/modprobe.d/options.conf
3. cat /sys/class/leds/smc::kbd_backlight/brightness

Output: No such file or directory.

Expande option 1 from step 4: I create a file named sony-laptop.conf in /etc/modprobe.d and added options sony-laptop kbd_backlight=0 to the file, save it and restarted the computer. It doesn't work(even if I don't reboot), and I removed the file from there.

Expande option 2 from step 4: I create a file named options.conf in /etc/modprobe.d and added options sony-laptop kbd_backlight=0 to the file(Yes options command is part of command here), save it and restarted the computer. It doesn't work(even if I don't reboot), and I removed the file from there.

Expande option 3 from step 4: I already mentioned in step 3, I don't have any file there ;)

Result (for all options): Nochange

5. Trying to install some suggeted package on many sites:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-bl-dkms pommed

Output: E: Unable to locate package nvidia-bl-dkms

And if it helps I added that: part of lshw command:

*-serial UNCLAIMED
     description: SMBus
     product: 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller
     vendor: Intel Corporation
     physical id: 1f.3
     bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.3
     version: 04
     width: 64 bits
     clock: 33MHz
     configuration: latency=0
     resources: memory:d1815000-d18150ff ioport:4040(size=32)

Any question can be ask on chat room ;)