Ebrahim Ghasemi's questions

As you can see here (and in man resolv.conf), there is an option named use-vc for resolv.conf to force Ubuntu to use TCP for DNS queries instead of UDP.

use-vc (since glibc 2.14)

Sets RES_USEVC in _res.options. This option forces the use of TCP for DNS resolutions.

This option doesn't work for me.

My Ubuntu:

ebrahim@ebrahim:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 16.10
Release:    16.10
Codename:   yakkety

ebrahim@ebrahim:~$ uname -a
Linux ebrahim 4.8.0-58-generic #63-Ubuntu SMP Mon Jun 26 17:08:21 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

ebrahim@ebrahim:~$ ldd --version
ldd (Ubuntu GLIBC 2.24-3ubuntu2.2) 2.24

As you see above, my glibc is newer version than the required version in the resolv.conf manual page.

This is my configuration file:

ebrahim@ebrahim:~$ cat /etc/resolv.conf 
# Dynamic resolv.conf(5) file for glibc resolver(3) generated by resolvconf(8)
#     DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE OVERWRITTEN
options use-vc
nameserver 8.8.8.8

But still DNS queries are on UDP:

Why?

(Note that I have tried this option on 6 different Ubuntu OS, 3 of them was okay and 3 doesn't worked!)

I'm trying to install Ubuntu on my GL552-vw ASUS laptop from a USB flash. But At the first step after hitting Install Ubuntu I stuck in the loading page:

This is what happened under the hood:

What's wrong?

What I have done so far:

1. I checked the checksum of my .ISO file and it is OK.
2. I tried both Ubuntu 16.10 and Ubuntu 16.04.1.
3. I disabled Windows 10 (Current OS on my Laptop) Fast boot option.

Note I'm trying to replace Windows 10 installed on my 128 G SSD with Ubuntu.

I wrote a program that captures the packets from the network interface. As it listens the network adapter, I need to run it with sudo. The question is, why when I run it, does it add two processes to the processes list?

Note : lwdpi is my program

Before execution:

ghasemi@ghasemi-MS-7693:~/Desktop/lwdpi_cpp$ ps ax | grep lwdpi
 4665 pts/21   S+     0:00 grep --color=auto lwdpi
ghasemi@ghasemi-MS-7693:~/Desktop/lwdpi_cpp$ 

Execution:
ghasemi@ghasemi-MS-7693:~/Desktop/lwdpi_cpp$ sudo ./lwdpi -i enp5s0
2016:10:26 11:07:29 ::   192.168.1.25   9918  -->     239.1.99.222   9918    UDP
2016:10:26 11:07:29 ::  192.168.1.111   5353  -->      224.0.0.251   5353    UDP
2016:10:26 11:07:30 ::  192.168.1.153   5353  -->      224.0.0.251   5353    UDP
2016:10:26 11:07:30 ::  192.168.1.154   5353  -->      224.0.0.251   5353    UDP
2016:10:26 11:07:30 ::   192.168.1.88   5353  -->      224.0.0.251   5353    UDP
2016:10:26 11:07:30 ::   192.168.1.60   5353  -->      224.0.0.251   5353    UDP
2016:10:26 11:07:37 ::  192.168.1.131  17500  -->  255.255.255.255  17500    UDP
2016:10:26 11:07:37 ::  192.168.1.131  17500  -->    192.168.1.255  17500    UDP
2016:10:26 11:07:37 ::  192.168.1.169   5546  -->     192.168.1.38     53    UDP
2016:10:26 11:07:37 ::  192.168.1.169  30955  -->     192.168.1.38     53    UDP
2016:10:26 11:07:38 ::  192.168.1.110  17500  -->  255.255.255.255  17500    UDP
2016:10:26 11:07:38 ::  192.168.1.110  17500  -->    192.168.1.255  17500    UDP
2016:10:26 11:07:42 ::  192.168.1.169  57189  -->     192.168.1.38     53    UDP
2016:10:26 11:07:42 ::  192.168.1.169  26072  -->     192.168.1.38     53    UDP
2016:10:26 11:07:42 ::  192.168.1.169  41674  -->   199.30.228.113     80    TCP
2016:10:26 11:07:43 ::  192.168.1.169  41676  -->   199.30.228.113     80    TCP
2016:10:26 11:07:43 ::  192.168.1.169   7190  -->     192.168.1.38     53    UDP
2016:10:26 11:07:43 ::  192.168.1.169  30029  -->     192.168.1.38     53    UDP
2016:10:26 11:07:43 ::  192.168.1.169  41678  -->   199.30.228.113     80    TCP
2016:10:26 11:07:43 ::  192.168.1.169  64975  -->     192.168.1.38     53    UDP
2016:10:26 11:07:43 ::  192.168.1.169  12625  -->     192.168.1.38     53    UDP
2016:10:26 11:07:43 ::  192.168.1.169  29973  -->     192.168.1.38     53    UDP
2016:10:26 11:07:43 ::  192.168.1.169  53300  -->     216.58.211.4    443    TCP
2016:10:26 11:07:43 ::  192.168.1.169  41682  -->   199.30.228.113     80    TCP
.
.
.

Processes list while execution:

ghasemi@ghasemi-MS-7693:~/Desktop/lwdpi_cpp$ ps ax | grep lwdpi
 4685 pts/22   S+     0:00 sudo ./lwdpi -i enp5s0
 4686 pts/22   S+     0:00 ./lwdpi -i enp5s0
 4691 pts/21   S+     0:00 grep --color=auto lwdpi
ghasemi@ghasemi-MS-7693:~/Desktop/lwdpi_cpp$ 

As you see above, after execution, processes with PID = 4685 and PID = 4686 added to process list. Why? I didn't called my program inside it!

I'm trying to install ptlib on my Ubuntu. My Ubuntu version:

me@me-MS-7693:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS
Release:    16.04
Codename:   xenial

The installed compilers:

me@me-MS-7693:~$ dpkg --list | grep compiler
ii  g++                                        4:5.3.1-1ubuntu1                                            amd64        GNU C++ compiler
ii  g++-5                                      5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.2                                      amd64        GNU C++ compiler
ii  gcc                                        4:5.3.1-1ubuntu1                                            amd64        GNU C compiler
ii  gcc-5                                      5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.2                                      amd64        GNU C compiler
ii  hardening-includes                         2.7ubuntu2                                                  all          Makefile for enabling compiler flags for security hardening
ii  libllvm3.8:amd64                           1:3.8-2ubuntu4                                              amd64        Modular compiler and toolchain technologies, runtime library
ii  libllvm3.8:i386                            1:3.8-2ubuntu4                                              i386         Modular compiler and toolchain technologies, runtime library
ii  libxkbcommon0:amd64                        0.5.0-1ubuntu2                                              amd64        library interface to the XKB compiler - shared library

Well, the problem is that I always receive a bunch of errors, as below:

./configure

me@me-MS-7693:~/Downloads/SetupFiles/ptlib-2.10.11$ ./configure 
checking for pkg-config... /usr/bin/pkg-config
checking pkg-config is at least version 0.9.0... yes
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables... 
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking for g++... g++
checking whether we are using the GNU C++ compiler... yes
checking whether g++ accepts -g... yes
configure: PTLib version is 2.10.11
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for swab... yes
configure: OSTYPE set to linux
configure: OSRELEASE set to "4.4.0-34-generic"
configure: MACHTYPE set to x86_64
configure: gcc version is 5.4.0
checking checking if pragma implementation should be used... no
checking checking if precompiled headers available... no
checking how to run the C++ preprocessor... g++ -E
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking for ANSI C header files... yes
checking for sys/types.h... yes
checking for sys/stat.h... yes
checking for stdlib.h... yes
checking for string.h... yes
checking for memory.h... yes
checking for strings.h... yes
checking for inttypes.h... yes
checking for stdint.h... yes
checking for unistd.h... yes
checking whether byte ordering is bigendian... no
configure: Default extension for C++ files is cpp
checking if compiler accepts -felide-constructors... yes
checking if linker accepts -Wreorder... yes
checking if debug build accepts -g3 -ggdb -O0... yes
checking if compiler uses RTTI by default... yes
checking size of int... 4
checking for long double with more range or precision than double... yes
checking for flex... /usr/bin/flex
checking for ar... ar
checking for bison... /usr/bin/bison
checking if readdir_r has 2 parms... no
checking if readdir_r has 3 parms... yes
configure: PTRACE and all trace logging included
configure: Using ANSI C++ bool for PBoolean: (PFalse=false PTrue=true)
checking for recvmsg... yes
checking for IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP... yes
checking for NetLink support... yes
checking if using STL streams... yes
checking if atomic integer available... yes
checking if __exchange_and_add is in __gnu_cxx namespace... yes
checking if Unix semaphores are available... yes
checking for pthread_create in -lpthread... yes
checking for clock_gettime in -lrt... yes
checking if pthread_mutex_timedlock is available... yes
checking for sem_timedwait in -lpthread... yes
checking if sem_timedwait is compilable... yes
checking if recursive mutexes are available... PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE_NP
checking if setpgrp takes no parameters... yes
checking regex.h usability... yes
checking regex.h presence... yes
checking for regex.h... yes
checking for regcomp... yes
checking dlfcn.h usability... yes
checking dlfcn.h presence... yes
checking for dlfcn.h... yes
checking if dlopen is available... yes
checking for dlopen in -ldl... yes
checking enable plugin support... yes
checking where plugins are being installed... /usr/local/lib/ptlib-2.10.11
checking enable samples build... no
checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
checking for res_ninit... no
checking for res_ninit in -lresolv... yes
checking for sasl_version in -lsasl2... yes
checking for sasl_client_out in -lsasl... no
checking if <sasl.h> works... no
checking if <sasl/sasl.h> works... yes
configure: SUN mlib disabled
checking ldap.h usability... yes
checking ldap.h presence... yes
checking for ldap.h... yes
checking for ldap_open in -lldap... yes
checking for OPENSSL... yes
checking openssl/aes.h usability... yes
checking openssl/aes.h presence... yes
checking for openssl/aes.h... yes
checking for const arg to d2i_AutoPrivateKey... yes
checking for d2i_DHparams_bio variants... new
checking expat.h usability... yes
checking expat.h presence... yes
checking for expat.h... yes
checking for XML_ParserCreate in -lexpat... yes
checking lua.h usability... no
checking lua.h presence... no
checking for lua.h... no
configure: IPV6 disabled
checking for inet_ntop... yes
checking enable config file support... yes
checking enable URL support... yes
checking enable HTTP support... yes
checking enable HTTP forms support... yes
checking enable HTTP server support... yes
checking enable Jabber support... yes
checking enable VXML support... yes
checking enable XMLRPC support... yes
checking enable SOAP support... yes
checking enable Text-To-Speech server support... yes
checking enable ASN decoding/encoding support... yes
checking enable STUN support... yes
checking enable pipechannel support... yes
checking enable DTMF protocol support... yes
checking enable SOCKS protocol support... yes
checking enable FTP protocol support... yes
checking enable SNMP protocol support... yes
checking enable TELNET protocol support... yes
checking enable remote connection support... yes
checking enable serial port support... yes
checking enable POP3/SMTP support... yes
checking enable audio support... yes
checking enable WAVFILE support... yes
checking enable QOS support... yes
checking enable video device support... yes
checking enable video file support... yes
checking enable FFMpeg video file support... yes
checking enable application sharing support... no
checking enable shared memory video devices... yes
checking for SDL... yes
checking enable video for windows capture... no
checking sql.h usability... yes
checking sql.h presence... yes
checking for sql.h... yes
checking for SQLAllocStmt in -lodbc... yes
configure: ODBC support enabled
checking enable C++ exceptions... no
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating make/ptbuildopts.mak
config.status: creating make/ptlib-config
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating ptlib_cfg.dxy
config.status: creating ptlib.pc
config.status: creating include/ptbuildopts.h
config.status: include/ptbuildopts.h is unchanged
=== configuring in plugins (/home/ghasemi/Downloads/SetupFiles/ptlib-2.10.11/plugins)
configure: running /bin/bash ./configure --disable-option-checking '--prefix=/usr/local'  --cache-file=/dev/null --srcdir=.
checking for g++... g++
checking for C++ compiler default output file name... a.out
checking whether the C++ compiler works... yes
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of executables... 
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C++ compiler... yes
checking whether g++ accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking for ANSI C header files... yes
checking for sys/types.h... yes
checking for sys/stat.h... yes
checking for stdlib.h... yes
checking for string.h... yes
checking for memory.h... yes
checking for strings.h... yes
checking for inttypes.h... yes
checking for stdint.h... yes
checking for unistd.h... yes
checking alsa/asoundlib.h usability... yes
checking alsa/asoundlib.h presence... yes
checking for alsa/asoundlib.h... yes
checking for ALSA sound support... yes
checking pulse/simple.h usability... yes
checking pulse/simple.h presence... yes
checking for pulse/simple.h... yes
checking for Pulse sound support... yes
checking for linux/videodev2.h... yes
checking for V4L2 video support... yes
checking libv4l2.h usability... no
checking libv4l2.h presence... no
checking for libv4l2.h... no
checking for libv4l2 support... no
checking machine/ioctl_meteor.h usability... no
checking machine/ioctl_meteor.h presence... no
checking for machine/ioctl_meteor.h... no
checking i386/ioctl_meteor.h usability... no
checking i386/ioctl_meteor.h presence... no
checking for i386/ioctl_meteor.h... no
checking dev/ic/bt8xx.h usability... no
checking dev/ic/bt8xx.h presence... no
checking for dev/ic/bt8xx.h... no
checking for BSD video support... no
checking libdc1394/dc1394_control.h usability... no
checking libdc1394/dc1394_control.h presence... no
checking for libdc1394/dc1394_control.h... no
checking libraw1394/raw1394.h usability... no
checking libraw1394/raw1394.h presence... no
checking for libraw1394/raw1394.h... no
checking for IEEE1394/DC video support... no
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating vidinput_v4l2/Makefile
config.status: creating vidinput_dc/Makefile

make

me@me-MS-7693:~/Downloads/SetupFiles/ptlib-2.10.11$ make
make DEBUG= P_SHAREDLIB=1 default_target
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/ghasemi/Downloads/SetupFiles/ptlib-2.10.11'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/ghasemi/Downloads/SetupFiles/ptlib-2.10.11'
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/ghasemi/Downloads/SetupFiles/ptlib-2.10.11/src'
make DEBUG= P_SHAREDLIB=1 default_target
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/ghasemi/Downloads/SetupFiles/ptlib-2.10.11/src'
[CC] ptlib/common/getdate.tab.c
ptlib/common/getdate.y:112:18: error: conflicting types for ‘PTime_yyparse’
 #define yyparse  PTime_yyparse
                  ^
ptlib/common/getdate.tab.c:273:5: note: in expansion of macro ‘yyparse’
 int yyparse (void);
     ^
ptlib/common/getdate.y:112:18: note: previous declaration of ‘PTime_yyparse’ was here
 #define yyparse  PTime_yyparse
                  ^
ptlib/common/getdate.y:120:12: note: in expansion of macro ‘yyparse’
 static int yyparse(void *); 
            ^
ptlib/common/getdate.y: In function ‘PTime_yyparse’:
ptlib/common/getdate.y:105:38: error: ‘parseParam’ undeclared (first use in this function)
 #define VARIABLE ((struct Variables*)parseParam)
                                      ^
ptlib/common/getdate.y:158:6: note: in expansion of macro ‘VARIABLE’
      VARIABLE->yyHaveTime++;
      ^
ptlib/common/getdate.y:105:38: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
 #define VARIABLE ((struct Variables*)parseParam)
                                      ^
ptlib/common/getdate.y:158:6: note: in expansion of macro ‘VARIABLE’
      VARIABLE->yyHaveTime++;
      ^
ptlib/common/getdate.y: In function ‘PTimeParse’:
ptlib/common/getdate.y:112:18: error: too many arguments to function ‘PTime_yyparse’
 #define yyparse  PTime_yyparse
                  ^
ptlib/common/getdate.y:981:5: note: in expansion of macro ‘yyparse’
     yyparse(&var);
     ^
ptlib/common/getdate.y:112:18: note: declared here
 #define yyparse  PTime_yyparse
                  ^
ptlib/common/getdate.tab.c:1161:1: note: in expansion of macro ‘yyparse’
 yyparse (void)
 ^
Makefile:463: recipe for target '/home/ghasemi/Downloads/SetupFiles/ptlib-2.10.11/lib_linux_x86_64/obj/getdate.tab.o' failed
make[2]: *** [/home/ghasemi/Downloads/SetupFiles/ptlib-2.10.11/lib_linux_x86_64/obj/getdate.tab.o] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/ghasemi/Downloads/SetupFiles/ptlib-2.10.11/src'
../make/common.mak:292: recipe for target 'optshared' failed
make[1]: *** [optshared] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/ghasemi/Downloads/SetupFiles/ptlib-2.10.11/src'
Makefile:91: recipe for target 'optshared' failed
make: *** [optshared] Error 2

What's wrong? What shall I do? I need this package installed for the openh323 installation!

I'm trying to compile and run an open-source DPI tool named Protoident. So I downloaded its source code from Github and searched inside the directories for compile/build manuals, but I found nothing. Finally I started by running make command and Makefile command inside its directory, but I faced the following errors:

me@me-MS-7693:~/Desktop/protoident-master/src$ ./Makefile 
./Makefile: line 9: TARGET: command not found
./Makefile: line 10: PROTOCOLS: command not found
./Makefile: line 11: PROTOCOLS: command not found
./Makefile: line 11: SOURCES: command not found
./Makefile: line 12: SOURCES:.c=.h: command not found
./Makefile: line 12: HEADERS: command not found
./Makefile: line 13: SOURCES:.c=.o: command not found
./Makefile: line 13: OBJECTS: command not found
./Makefile: line 14: OTHER_FILES: command not found
./Makefile: line 18: CC: command not found
./Makefile: line 19: CFLAGS: command not found
./Makefile: line 21: OFLAG: command not found
./Makefile: line 22: CFLAG: command not found
./Makefile: line 24: CC: command not found
./Makefile: line 24: LINK: command not found
./Makefile: line 25: LINKFLAGS: command not found
./Makefile: line 26: LIBS: command not found
./Makefile: line 31: .SUFFIXES:: command not found
./Makefile: line 32: .c.o:: command not found
./Makefile: line 33: CC: command not found
./Makefile: line 33: CFLAGS: command not found
./Makefile: line 33: CFLAG: command not found
./Makefile: line 33: OFLAG: command not found
./Makefile: line 33: $<: command not found
./Makefile: line 38: SOURCES: command not found
./Makefile: line 38: TARGET: command not found
./Makefile: line 38: all:: command not found
./Makefile: line 40: profile:: command not found
./Makefile: line 41: profile_compile:: command not found
./Makefile: line 42: profile_compile:: command not found
./Makefile: line 43: profile_compile:: command not found
./Makefile: line 46: TARGET: command not found
./Makefile: line 46: OBJECTS: command not found
./Makefile: line 47: LINK: command not found
./Makefile: line 47: LINKFLAGS: command not found
./Makefile: line 47: LIBS: command not found
./Makefile: line 47: OFLAG: command not found
./Makefile: line 47: TARGET: command not found
./Makefile: line 47: OBJECTS: command not found
./Makefile: line 52: archive:: command not found
./Makefile: line 53: TARGET: command not found
./Makefile: line 53: SOURCES: command not found
./Makefile: line 53: HEADERS: command not found
./Makefile: line 53: OTHER_FILES: command not found
tar: Cowardly refusing to create an empty archive
Try 'tar --help' or 'tar --usage' for more information.
./Makefile: line 55: clean:: command not found
./Makefile: line 56: OBJECTS: command not found
./Makefile: line 58: distclean:: command not found
./Makefile: line 59: TARGET: command not found


me@me-MS-7693:~/Desktop/protoident-master/src$ make
gcc  -lpcap -o protoident main.o hashtable.o ip_reassembling.o flow.o global_func.o dns.o http.o sip.o smtp.o
main.o: In function `main':
/home/ghasemi/Desktop/protoident-master/src/main.c:85: undefined reference to `pcap_open_offline'
/home/ghasemi/Desktop/protoident-master/src/main.c:97: undefined reference to `pcap_compile'
/home/ghasemi/Desktop/protoident-master/src/main.c:100: undefined reference to `pcap_geterr'
/home/ghasemi/Desktop/protoident-master/src/main.c:103: undefined reference to `pcap_setfilter'
/home/ghasemi/Desktop/protoident-master/src/main.c:105: undefined reference to `pcap_geterr'
/home/ghasemi/Desktop/protoident-master/src/main.c:118: undefined reference to `pcap_datalink'
/home/ghasemi/Desktop/protoident-master/src/main.c:125: undefined reference to `pcap_loop'
/home/ghasemi/Desktop/protoident-master/src/main.c:134: undefined reference to `pcap_freecode'
/home/ghasemi/Desktop/protoident-master/src/main.c:136: undefined reference to `pcap_close'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:47: recipe for target 'protoident' failed
make: *** [protoident] Error 1

Why I faced those errors and how can I compile and use this tool?

I'm trying to do a login in my Ubuntu, but I can't:

I read Q&A about enabling root user, but how I can do it without a sudoer user? How can I add a sudoer user without having root access? I think it is a loop!

Let assume that I have a list of three key pair on my bash screen when I run the following commands:

gpg2 --list-keys

and

gpg2 --list-secret-keys

My question is, when I run the following command to verify a signed file, which key pair is used by this tool?

gpg2 --verify test.sig

Does it check all the signing keys one by one to find a matched one or finish all the keys?

I have two basic questions and find no one and nowhere to ask them. finally send them to you.

1. If a card reader+ its driver was PC/SC compliant in windows, is it PC/SC compliant in other OSs too? (for example in Linux, MacOS and ...). Or for each OS we need a new test?

2. If I have a card reader and I don't want to trust its factory and the list that is in the PC/SC workgroup site, can I myself check its compatibility with PCSC or not? I mean, is there any check list to checking?

I would appreciate a detailed answer.