Usually when doing backups we zip the home folder and call it a day.
Looking into the ~/snap directory there are sub-directories with numbers which leads me to believe that backing those up would not work just like that.
Is zipping the home folder enough to back up snap packages' settings?
My fresh installation of 18.04 is taking 1 to 1.5 minutes to boot, while it took <10 seconds before reinstalling.
~$ systemd-analyze time
Startup finished in 7.942s (firmware) + 11.813s (loader) + 5.323s (kernel) + 41.406s (userspace) = 1min 6.486s
graphical.target reached after 41.308s in userspace
~$ systemd-analyze blame
33.987s systemd-timesyncd.service
33.979s systemd-resolved.service
5.507s NetworkManager-wait-online.service
1.099s dev-sdb2.device
...
But when looking in the logs I see nothing suspicious, except that it's taking 30 seconds...
~$ journalctl -u systemd-timesyncd.service
-- Reboot --
Jan 15 12:27:18 ubuntu systemd[1]: Starting Network Time Synchronization...
Jan 15 12:27:52 ubuntu systemd[1]: Started Network Time Synchronization.
Jan 15 12:28:22 ubuntu systemd-timesyncd[719]: Synchronized to time server 91.189.89.199:123 (ntp.ubuntu.com).
~$ journalctl -u systemd-resolved.service
-- Reboot --
Jan 15 12:27:18 ubuntu systemd[1]: Starting Network Name Resolution...
Jan 15 12:27:52 ubuntu systemd-resolved[721]: Positive Trust Anchors:
Jan 15 12:27:52 ubuntu systemd-resolved[721]: . IN DS 19036 8 2 49aac11d7b6f6446702e54a1607371607a1a41855200fd2ce1cdde32f24e8fb4
Jan 15 12:27:52 ubuntu systemd-resolved[721]: . IN DS 20326 8 2 e06d44b80b8f1d39a95c0b0d7c65d08458e880409bbc683457104227c7f8ec8d
Jan 15 12:27:52 ubuntu systemd-resolved[721]: Negative trust anchors: 10.in-addr.arpa 16.172.in-addr.arpa 17.172.in-addr.arpa 18.172.in-addr.arpa
Jan 15 12:27:52 ubuntu systemd-resolved[721]: Using system hostname 'ubuntu'.
Jan 15 12:27:52 ubuntu systemd[1]: Started Network Name Resolution.
Sometimes apparmor.service also takes ~30s which was not the case this time.
How can I speed those up?
EDIT: Changed my dns to 8.8.8.8 and now blame says this
34.420s console-setup.service
34.416s snap-vscode-74.mount
34.381s snap-core-6130.mount
33.962s apparmor.service
33.927s systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service
5.400s NetworkManager-wait-online.service
1.543s dev-sdb2.device
1.092s keyboard-setup.service
...
However after another reboot timesyncd and resolved are still there, it appears the problem is not caused by the services as implied in the title.
I happen to have deleted the /boot directory on my system instead of on the one I was supposed to.. I found this in order to restore it, however I had problems with apt --reinstall so I decided to remove and install the packages manually. Probably not the brightest idea, now have 2 broken images that I do not know how to fix.
Running dpkg --audit tells me
The following packages are only half configured, probably due to problems
configuring them the first time. The configuration should be retried using
dpkg --configure <package> or the configure menu option in dselect:
linux-image-4.15.0-42-generic Signed kernel image generic
linux-image-4.15.0-43-generic Signed kernel image generic
Running dpkg --configure linux-image-4.15.0-42-generic
Setting up linux-image-4.15.0-42-generic (4.15.0-42.45) ...
Processing triggers for linux-image-4.15.0-42-generic (4.15.0-42.45) ...
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms:
run-parts: failed to exec /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms: No such file or directory
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms exited with return code 1
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-4.15.0-42-generic (--configure):
installed linux-image-4.15.0-42-generic package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
linux-image-4.15.0-42-generic
However /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms exists
~$ ls -l /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1120 авг 31 2016 /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms
My machine is still running though, is it possible to save it?
EDIT:
Just tried to run dkms manually and found out /bin/bash was missing. Installed it with apt install bash and then issued the commands
dpkg --audit
apt install -f
update-grub
Everything looks normal now, however after reboot there is no ubuntu boot option in grub..
I've installed the popular arc-theme (with gnome-tweaks) and it looks awesome in the darker variant. However it does not load until I log in. I would like to have it applied to the login screen as well (top bar, buttons, backgrounds), how can I do that?
I created a bunch of .desktop launchers (I believe is the proper term) which are extremely easy to find using the applications search bar (Windows/super key). Unfortunately when clicked they just open up in gedit.
I saw other questions that describe how to run the .desktop file through the terminal by grep-ing Exec=... but that doesn't really make much sense to me as I could just run the contained commands, why would I need a .desktop file in the first place?
By default (I guess) Ubuntu cuts my internet connection whenever I disconnect a VPN, which is nice unless you don't want it, and have to reconnect (stop and start) your connection every time. How can I configure it so that it does not block my traffic after disconnecting a particular VPN connection?
I am using Ubuntu 18 on my machine and the world is beautiful. Unfortunately I need to run Windows 7 as well. So I got myself an additional SSD and installed it there just to find out that my machine will continue booting straight into Ubuntu like Windows ain't a thing. Holding F12 to select boot option manually would let me boot into windows but I'd like to have grub ask me which one I'd like to boot into. After I did some reading I realized Windows was installed in BIOS (Legacy) mode. So I looked up how to install Windows 7 in UEFI mode and the instructions were pretty straightforward:
Sadly at this point I can see my flash drive appear in the connected USB devices list in my BIOS but it does not recognize it as a bootable device. I'm stuck at this point as I don't know what more to look for..
This is part of df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/md1 222G 5.5G 205G 3% /
222 - 5.5 = 205?
I also observe this in another physical machine
/dev/sda1 108G 3.9G 99G 4% /
/dev/sdb1 688G 29G 625G 5% /storage
688 - 29 = 625
Ubuntu sucks at math lol
Jokes aside, why is this?
I'm looking for a way to configure a service to run automatically whenever it stops for some reason. Currently I have set up a cronjob that checks if the service is running every minute and restarts it if it has crashed but that seems dull. How can I do this the right way?
I have added some questionable scripts to make the service work, you can see below
x@x:~$ sudo cat /etc/init.d/my-service
#!/bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: my-service
# Required-Start: $remote_fs $syslog
# Required-Stop: $remote_fs $syslog
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: Start daemon at boot time
# Description: Enable service provided by daemon.
### END INIT INFO
dir="/var/www/html/my-service"
cmd="nodejs chat.js"
user="www-data"
name=`basename $0`
pid_file="/var/run/$name.pid"
stdout_log="/var/log/$name.log"
stderr_log="/var/log/$name.err"
get_pid() {
cat "$pid_file"
}
is_running() {
[ -f "$pid_file" ] && ps `get_pid` > /dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
if is_running; then
echo "Already started"
else
echo "Starting $name"
cd "$dir"
if [ -z "$user" ]; then
sudo $cmd >> "$stdout_log" 2>> "$stderr_log" &
else
sudo -u "$user" $cmd >> "$stdout_log" 2>> "$stderr_log" &
fi
echo $! > "$pid_file"
if ! is_running; then
echo "Unable to start, see $stdout_log and $stderr_log"
exit 1
fi
fi
;;
stop)
if is_running; then
echo -n "Stopping $name.."
kill `get_pid`
for i in {1..10}
do
if ! is_running; then
break
fi
echo -n "."
sleep 1
done
echo
if is_running; then
echo "Not stopped; may still be shutting down or shutdown may have f ailed"
exit 1
else
echo "Stopped"
if [ -f "$pid_file" ]; then
rm "$pid_file"
fi
fi
else
echo "Not running"
fi
;;
restart)
$0 stop
if is_running; then
echo "Unable to stop, will not attempt to start"
exit 1
fi
$0 start
;;
status)
if is_running; then
echo "Running"
else
echo "Stopped"
exit 1
fi
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|status}"
exit 1
;;
esac
exit 0
And also my-service.service
x@x:~$ cat /etc/systemd/system/my-service.service
[Unit]
Description=my-service daemon
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/nodejs /var/www/html/my-service/chat.js
Type=simple
User=root
Group=root
Restart=always
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
For example when the machine reboots I get this as status
Jan 24 10:54:41 x systemd[1]: my-service.service: Service hold-off time over, scheduling restart.
Jan 24 10:54:41 x systemd[1]: Stopped my-service daemon.
Jan 24 10:54:41 x systemd[1]: my-service.service: Start request repeated too quickly.
Jan 24 10:54:41 x systemd[1]: Failed to start my-service daemon.
When I issue journalctl I get a massive log of all system services, but where is all this information stored?
I'm running version 16.04 and if I go into journalctl I can see a lot of this
Dec 15 06:55:12 x kernel: [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=<I suppose I should hide this> SRC=192.168.1.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2
All the records are the same with the same data, what does that mean?
I have installed a Ubuntu Server 16.04 amd64 on my machine. I'm having trouble with ram capacity - first I installed a 2GB stick which free -m reported as 1430 total size, now I installed a different 4GB stick which is now reported as 3380 in size, see below:
x@x-server:~$ free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 3381 890 2022 14 468 2435
Swap: 1467 0 1467
It is a considerable amount of missing memory (~20%) - what could be the cause of this?
I'm using an ASUS AM1M-A board.
Both sticks have been used in other machines and are functioning properly.
Here is some vmstat output
x@x-server:~$ vmstat 1
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
1 0 223104 123116 67944 521656 0 1 3 4 16 32 1 0 99 0 0
0 0 223104 123116 67944 521656 0 0 0 0 38 74 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 223104 123116 67944 521656 0 0 0 0 31 64 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 223104 122944 67944 521560 0 0 0 0 126 145 1 0 99 0 0
0 0 223052 122820 67944 521560 64 0 72 0 83 145 0 1 98 0 0
0 0 223000 122820 67944 521560 64 0 64 0 60 114 1 0 99 1 0
0 0 223000 122820 67944 521560 0 0 0 0 44 78 0 1 100 0 0
0 0 223000 122820 67944 521560 0 0 0 0 27 56 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 223000 122820 67952 521552 0 0 0 24 82 145 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 223000 122820 67952 521560 0 0 0 0 42 86 0 1 100 0 0
0 0 222952 122696 67952 521560 32 0 32 0 75 127 1 0 100 0 0
0 0 222952 122696 67952 521560 0 0 0 0 28 58 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 222896 122448 67952 521560 48 0 48 0 90 127 1 0 99 0 0
0 0 222896 122448 67952 521560 0 0 0 0 31 63 0 1 100 0 0
0 0 222896 122448 67952 521560 0 0 0 0 31 62 0 0 100 0 0
And here is free
x@x-server:~$ free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1430 734 119 25 575 636
Swap: 1467 217 1250
As you can see I got some swap action going on even though I got a bunch of memory (around 50%) available. Why is that and how can I make it use that memory?
I just went ahead and added PHP7 to my server following a guide by using ondej's PPA. Now I want to remove the old php so obviously I did sudo apt-get remove --purge php5 and ti seemed like everything went fine except it is not uninstalled. If I do php -v I get version 7 but I can still do php5 -v and get 5.6 or php5.6 -v and get the same thing. When I do sudo apt-get remove php5 (or php5.6) now I get that the package is not installed, but apparently is since I can execute the command.
x@x-server:~$ php -v
PHP 7.0.6-1+donate.sury.org~trusty+1 (cli) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2016 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.0.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2016 Zend Technologies
with Zend OPcache v7.0.6-dev, Copyright (c) 1999-2016, by Zend Technologies
x@x-server:~$ php5 -v
PHP 5.6.21-1+donate.sury.org~trusty+1 (cli)
Copyright (c) 1997-2016 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.6.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2016 Zend Technologies
with Zend OPcache v7.0.6-dev, Copyright (c) 1999-2016, by Zend Technologies
x@x-server:~$ php5.6 -v
PHP 5.6.21-1+donate.sury.org~trusty+2 (cli)
Copyright (c) 1997-2016 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.6.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2016 Zend Technologies
with Zend OPcache v7.0.6-dev, Copyright (c) 1999-2016, by Zend Technologies
x@x-server:~$ sudo apt-get remove --purge php5 php5.6
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Package 'php5.6' is not installed, so not removed
Package 'php5' is not installed, so not removed
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded.
x@x-server:~$
How can I completely remove php5?
And just because I know someone would ask - I want to remove it because I see that there are some processes running because of it that I don't want to have.
1192 root 20 0 358756 30920 23568 S 0.0 2.1 0:00.12 apache2
1238 root 20 0 309316 29708 23448 S 0.0 2.0 0:00.11 php-fpm7.0
1176 root 20 0 166212 17848 14408 S 0.0 1.2 0:00.07 php-fpm5.6
1226 www-data 20 0 359312 15488 7656 S 0.0 1.1 0:00.09 apache2
1227 www-data 20 0 359008 14028 6380 S 0.0 1.0 0:00.00 apache2
1228 www-data 20 0 359008 13496 5856 S 0.0 0.9 0:00.00 apache2
1229 www-data 20 0 358788 9324 1964 S 0.0 0.6 0:00.00 apache2
1230 www-data 20 0 358788 9324 1964 S 0.0 0.6 0:00.00 apache2
1377 www-data 20 0 358788 9324 1964 S 0.0 0.6 0:00.00 apache2
1242 www-data 20 0 309316 8496 2236 S 0.0 0.6 0:00.00 php-fpm7.0
1243 www-data 20 0 309316 8496 2236 S 0.0 0.6 0:00.00 php-fpm7.0
1299 root 20 0 105680 6540 5468 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.06 sshd
1178 www-data 20 0 166212 5580 2140 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.00 php-fpm5.6
1179 www-data 20 0 166212 5580 2140 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.00 php-fpm5.6
I just followed this guide to install lm-sensors on my machine but the output I get is kind of weird:
asus-isa-0000
Adapter: ISA adapter
cpu_fan: 0 RPM
radeon-pci-0008
Adapter: PCI adapter
temp1: +9.0°C (crit = +120.0°C, hyst = +90.0°C)
k10temp-pci-00c3
Adapter: PCI adapter
temp1: +8.5°C (high = +70.0°C)
(crit = +70.0°C, hyst = +69.0°C)
fam15h_power-pci-00c4
Adapter: PCI adapter
power1: N/A (crit = 25.01 W)
My room temperature is around 20 degrees so 9 is definitely not an accurate reading, also I know for a fact that my cpu fan is spinning.
Is it possible that my sensors are broken, it's a brand new motherboard (asus am1m-a). If not what could be the cause of this, I would really like to be able to read my temperatures?