SnapOverflow

SnapOverflow Logo SnapOverflow Logo

SnapOverflow Navigation

  • Home
  • Server
  • Ubuntu

Mobile menu

Close
  • Home
  • System Administrators
    • Hot Questions
    • New Questions
    • Tags
  • Ubuntu
    • Hot Questions
    • New Questions
    • Tags
  • Help
Home / user-541417

Sun Bear's questions

Martin Hope
Sun Bear
Asked: 2025-03-05 21:14:45 +0800 CST

How to undo UEFI dbx update that was done by Ubuntu 24.04 Firmware Updater?

  • 5

I received a notification of a needed update by Ubuntu 24.04. A Firmware Updater GUI appeared after I clicked on the notification. There was a UEFI dbx update for a more modern version. After the update, the system rebooted. However, I noticed a serious problem. This system CPU has 16 cores, 32 threads and System Monitor will show 32 CPU cores. After the UEFI dbx update, System Monitor now shows only 1 CPU. The update by seems to have corrupted the system. How do I undo this issue?

I believe the GUI relates to fwupdmgr on the terminal. I just ran the command fwupdmgr get-updates and it shows

...
Devices with the latest available firmware version:
 • UEFI dbx
────────────────────────────────────────────────
Devices that have been updated successfully:
 • UEFI dbx (371 → 20241101)
Uploading firmware reports helps hardware vendors to quickly identify failing and successful updates on real devices.

Also, the terminal command fwupdmgr get-devices showed this info (I have masked some of the the ID info below):

...
...
...
│ └─UEFI dbx:
│       Device ID:        Some numbers
│       Summary:          UEFI revocation database
│       Current version:  20241101
│       Minimum Version:  20241101
│       Vendor:           UEFI:Linux Foundation
│       Install Duration: 1 second
│       GUIDs:            xxx ← UEFI\CRT_xxx&ARCH_X64
│                         yyy ← UEFI\CRT_yyy&ARCH_X64
│                         zzz ← UEFI\CRT_zzz&ARCH_X64
│       Device Flags:     • Internal device
│                         • Updatable
│                         • Supported on remote server
│                         • Needs a reboot after installation
│                         • Device is usable for the duration of the update
│                         • Only version upgrades are allowed
│                         • Signed Payload

Update:

I have just tried reboot my system to explore if this issue would also occur when booting up using (recovery mode) or an older linux version. I confirmed that this issue do not occur when booting up with Linux 6.11.0-19-generic (recovery mode) and the the older version Linux 6.8.0-52-generic. The issue seems to occur with Linux 6.11.0-19-generic, which is the latest linux version.

Also, I discovered that I did do a apt upgrade(which I forgot about and have verified after checking /var/log/apt/history.log) and it upgraded the linux version to 6.11.0-19.19~24.04.1. This upgrade must have occurred after the UEFI dbx was updated but before a reboot was done.

$ dpkg --list | grep linux-image
ii  linux-image-6.11.0-19-generic                  6.11.0-19.19~24.04.1                        amd64        Signed kernel image generic
rc  linux-image-6.8.0-49-generic                   6.8.0-49.49                                 amd64        Signed kernel image generic
rc  linux-image-6.8.0-50-generic                   6.8.0-50.51                                 amd64        Signed kernel image generic
ii  linux-image-6.8.0-51-generic                   6.8.0-51.52                                 amd64        Signed kernel image generic
ii  linux-image-6.8.0-52-generic                   6.8.0-52.53                                 amd64        Signed kernel image generic
ii  linux-image-generic-hwe-24.04                  6.11.0-19.19~24.04.1                        amd64        Generic Linux kernel image

How should I resolve this issue for Linux 6.11.0-19-generic?

upgrade
  • 2 Answers
  • 247 Views
Martin Hope
Sun Bear
Asked: 2024-12-10 02:10:02 +0800 CST

How to recover Simultaneous Output device for Sound in Ubuntu 24.04?

  • 5

To play music through both the Line Out Built-in Audio and Bluetooth speakers, I implemented the answer by @DidierL that created a new “Simultaneous Output” as output device.

I then noticed a slight delay in the bluetooth speak sound. To remedy this delay, I tried the answer by @PoDuck. That is implementing

#!/bin/bash

BLUEZCARD=$(pactl list cards short | egrep -o bluez.*[[:space:]])
pactl set-card-profile $BLUEZCARD a2dp_sink
pactl set-card-profile $BLUEZCARD headset_head_unit
pactl set-card-profile $BLUEZCARD a2dp_sink

As this solution could not rectify the delay, I tried :

#!/bin/bash

BLUEZCARD=$(pactl list cards short | egrep -o bluez.*[[:space:]])
pactl set-card-profile $BLUEZCARD off
pactl set-card-profile $BLUEZCARD a2dp_sink
pactl set-card-profile $BLUEZCARD off
pactl set-card-profile $BLUEZCARD a2dp_sink

Unfortunately, this setting broke the performance of the “Simultaneous Output” device. It does not play any sound.

Also, only the Line Out Built-in Audio works if select explicitly. When the bluetooth speaker is selected explicity, the sound is very muted.

I don't know how to undo the mess as in Ubuntu 24.04, there is not option to undo the custom Shortcut as was mentioned by @PoDuck's answer.

and then click on the right where it says Disabled to set up a keyboard shortcut to execute the script.

How do I undo the mess?

Update:

I just discovered qpwgraph. Below gives a visual of the. I notice a few repeated modules, I wonder how it got there.

qpwgraph

Any advice on what to do would be great.

sound
  • 1 Answers
  • 29 Views
Martin Hope
Sun Bear
Asked: 2024-11-11 16:51:29 +0800 CST

How to configure unbound with --enable-dnstap: Issue protoc-c... no

  • 4

When configuring unbound with --enable-dnstap, it can't locate protobuf-c.

$ ./configure --enable-dnstap
...
...
...
checking for protoc-c... no
configure: error: The protoc-c program was not found. Please install protobuf-c!

However, protobuf-c appears to be installed.

$ sudo apt search protobuf-c
Sorting... Done
Full Text Search... Done
libprotobuf-c-dev/stable,now 1.4.1-1+b1 armhf [installed]
  Protocol Buffers C static library and headers (protobuf-c)

libprotobuf-c1/stable,now 1.4.1-1+b1 armhf [installed,automatic]
  Protocol Buffers C shared library (protobuf-c)

librust-prometheus+protobuf-codegen-pure-dev/stable 0.13.3-1 armhf
  Prometheus instrumentation library for Rust applications - feature "protobuf-codegen-pure" and 1 more

librust-protobuf-codegen-dev/stable 2.27.1-1+b2 armhf
  Code generator for rust-protobuf - Rust source code

librust-protobuf-codegen-pure-dev/stable 2.27.1-1 armhf
  Pure-rust codegen for protobuf using protobuf-parser crate - Rust source code

protobuf-c-compiler/stable 1.4.1-1+b1 armhf
  Protocol Buffers C compiler (protobuf-c)

protobuf-codegen/stable 2.27.1-1+b2 armhf
  Code generator for rust-protobuf

protobuf-compiler/stable 3.21.12-3 armhf
  compiler for protocol buffer definition files

protobuf-compiler-grpc/stable 1.51.1-3+b1 armhf
  high performance general RPC framework - protobuf plugin

protobuf-compiler-grpc-java-plugin/stable 1.41.3+ds-1 armhf
  high performance general RPC framework - protobuf Java plugin  
$ dpkg -l | grep protobuf
ii  libprotobuf-c-dev:armhf              1.4.1-1+b1                              armhf        Protocol Buffers C static library and headers (protobuf-c)
ii  libprotobuf-c1:armhf                 1.4.1-1+b1                              armhf        Protocol Buffers C shared library (protobuf-c)
$ sudo find / -name libprotobuf-c1
/usr/share/doc/libprotobuf-c1
$ sudo find / -name libprotobuf-c-dev
/usr/share/doc/libprotobuf-c-dev
$ ls /usr/bin/ | grep proto
$ ls /usr/local/bin/ | grep proto
$ ls /bin/ | grep proto
$ ls /usr/lib/ | grep proto
$ ls /usr/local/lib/ | grep proto
$ ls /lib/ | grep proto
$

I can't locate the protobuf-c library or program either although it is installed.

I do I resolve this configuration issue?

Update:

I discovered from this answer that the library name is libprotobuf-c.so.1.

Its location was found using:

$ sudo find / -name libprotobuf-c.so.1
/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libprotobuf-c.so.1
$

I tried linking this file into /usr/local/lib (Unbound default installation library directory) via

$ ln -s /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libprotobuf-c.so.1 

and reran

$ ./configure --enable-dnstap

and still got the same error msg as mentioned above.

I further tried:

./configure --enable-dnstap --with-protobuf-c=/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libprotobuf-c.so.1

and still got the same error msg as mentioned above.

The unbound version that I am trying to configure is 1.22.0.

This question does not duplicate How do I find the package that provides a file?. Reasons:

  1. I am already using dpkg.
  2. I found that using apt search to be more suitable as it shows all the other packages related to protobuf-c with description.
  3. Apart from the libprotobuf-c, unbound also uses the protoc-c program (informed to me by an unbound member), which is available after installing protobuf-c-compiler (see @steeldriver comment). This information isn't disclosed using dpkg.
software-installation
  • 1 Answers
  • 63 Views
Martin Hope
Sun Bear
Asked: 2024-10-30 21:29:40 +0800 CST

How to verify that all resolved domain IPs are from an external DNS resolver when Unbound is configured to forward domain queries?

  • 8

I have configured Unbound to:

  1. listen for domain queries on all interfaces in a LAN,
  2. forward these domain queries to an external DNS resolver via TLS,
  3. receive the resolved domain IPs from the external DNS resolver and return them to the corresponding clients.

How do I verify that such a configuration is functioning? Especially, how do I verify that:

  1. Unbound has forwarded the domain queries to the desired external DNS resolver over TLS?
  2. The resolved domain IPS are from the external DNS resolver and are not resolved by Unbound?

Below are two results from digging google.com. How can i use these results to do the above mentioned verifications?

root@DNS:/etc/unbound# dig google.com A @192.168.1.50 -p 3000

; <<>> DiG 9.18.28-0ubuntu0.24.04.1-Ubuntu <<>> google.com A @192.168.1.50 -p 3000
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 22452
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 6, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 1232
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;google.com.            IN  A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
google.com.     300 IN  A   142.251.175.138
google.com.     300 IN  A   142.251.175.100
google.com.     300 IN  A   142.251.175.113
google.com.     300 IN  A   142.251.175.101
google.com.     300 IN  A   142.251.175.139
google.com.     300 IN  A   142.251.175.102

;; Query time: 12 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.50#3000(192.168.1.50) (UDP)
;; WHEN: Wed Oct 30 14:04:16 UTC 2024
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 135

root@DNS:/etc/unbound# dig google.com A @192.168.1.50 -p 3000

; <<>> DiG 9.18.28-0ubuntu0.24.04.1-Ubuntu <<>> google.com A @192.168.1.50 -p 3000
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 39764
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 6, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 1232
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;google.com.            IN  A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
google.com.     300 IN  A   142.251.175.139
google.com.     300 IN  A   142.251.175.113
google.com.     300 IN  A   142.251.175.100
google.com.     300 IN  A   142.251.175.101
google.com.     300 IN  A   142.251.175.138
google.com.     300 IN  A   142.251.175.102

;; Query time: 184 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.50#3000(192.168.1.50) (UDP)
;; WHEN: Wed Oct 30 14:05:30 UTC 2024
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 135

Below are logs in unbound.log with verbosity: 3 after restarting the unbound.service and running the above dig command twice. I can see that the external DNS resolver is mentioned but I can't understand which line shows that it has resolved the domain and return the results to unbound.

[1730296502] unbound[6506:0] info: service stopped (unbound 1.19.2).
[1730296502] unbound[6506:0] info: server stats for thread 0: 0 queries, 0 answers from cache, 0 recursions, 0 prefetch, 0 rejected by ip ratelimiting
[1730296502] unbound[6506:0] info: server stats for thread 0: requestlist max 0 avg 0 exceeded 0 jostled 0
[1730296502] unbound[6506:0] info: server stats for thread 1: 0 queries, 0 answers from cache, 0 recursions, 0 prefetch, 0 rejected by ip ratelimiting
[1730296502] unbound[6506:0] info: server stats for thread 1: requestlist max 0 avg 0 exceeded 0 jostled 0
[1730296502] unbound[6506:0] info: server stats for thread 2: 0 queries, 0 answers from cache, 0 recursions, 0 prefetch, 0 rejected by ip ratelimiting
[1730296502] unbound[6506:0] info: server stats for thread 2: requestlist max 0 avg 0 exceeded 0 jostled 0
[1730296502] unbound[6506:0] info: server stats for thread 3: 0 queries, 0 answers from cache, 0 recursions, 0 prefetch, 0 rejected by ip ratelimiting
[1730296502] unbound[6506:0] info: server stats for thread 3: requestlist max 0 avg 0 exceeded 0 jostled 0
[1730296503] unbound[6658:0] debug: module config: "subnetcache validator iterator"
[1730296503] unbound[6658:0] notice: init module 0: subnetcache
[1730296503] unbound[6658:0] warning: subnetcache: serve-expired is set but not working for data originating from the subnet module cache.
[1730296503] unbound[6658:0] warning: subnetcache: prefetch is set but not working for data originating from the subnet module cache.
[1730296503] unbound[6658:0] debug: subnetcache: option registered (8)
[1730296503] unbound[6658:0] notice: init module 1: validator
[1730296503] unbound[6658:0] notice: init module 2: iterator
[1730296503] unbound[6658:0] debug: target fetch policy for level 0 is 3
[1730296503] unbound[6658:0] debug: target fetch policy for level 1 is 2
[1730296503] unbound[6658:0] debug: target fetch policy for level 2 is 1
[1730296503] unbound[6658:0] debug: target fetch policy for level 3 is 0
[1730296503] unbound[6658:0] debug: target fetch policy for level 4 is 0
[1730296503] unbound[6658:0] debug: Forward zone server list:
[1730296503] unbound[6658:0] info: DelegationPoint<dns.quad9.net.>: 0 names (0 missing), 4 addrs (0 result, 4 avail) parentNS
[1730296503] unbound[6658:2] debug: Forward zone server list:
[1730296503] unbound[6658:2] info: DelegationPoint<dns.quad9.net.>: 0 names (0 missing), 4 addrs (0 result, 4 avail) parentNS
[1730296503] unbound[6658:0] debug: cache memory msg=66104 rrset=66104 infra=7952 val=66400 subnet=74536
[1730296503] unbound[6658:1] debug: Forward zone server list:
[1730296503] unbound[6658:1] info: DelegationPoint<dns.quad9.net.>: 0 names (0 missing), 4 addrs (0 result, 4 avail) parentNS
[1730296503] unbound[6658:0] info: start of service (unbound 1.19.2).
[1730296503] unbound[6658:2] debug: cache memory msg=66104 rrset=66104 infra=7952 val=66400 subnet=74536
[1730296503] unbound[6658:3] debug: Forward zone server list:
[1730296503] unbound[6658:3] info: DelegationPoint<dns.quad9.net.>: 0 names (0 missing), 4 addrs (0 result, 4 avail) parentNS
[1730296503] unbound[6658:1] debug: cache memory msg=66104 rrset=66104 infra=7952 val=66400 subnet=74536
[1730296503] unbound[6658:3] debug: cache memory msg=66104 rrset=66104 infra=7952 val=66400 subnet=74536
[1730297056] unbound[5388:0] debug: subnetcache[module 0] operate: extstate:module_state_initial event:module_event_new
[1730297056] unbound[5388:0] info: subnetcache operate: query google.com. A IN
[1730297056] unbound[5388:0] debug: validator[module 1] operate: extstate:module_state_initial event:module_event_pass
[1730297056] unbound[5388:0] info: validator operate: query google.com. A IN
[1730297056] unbound[5388:0] debug: iterator[module 2] operate: extstate:module_state_initial event:module_event_pass
[1730297056] unbound[5388:0] info: resolving google.com. A IN
[1730297056] unbound[5388:0] info: resolving (init part 2):  google.com. A IN
[1730297056] unbound[5388:0] info: resolving (init part 3):  google.com. A IN
[1730297056] unbound[5388:0] info: processQueryTargets: google.com. A IN
[1730297056] unbound[5388:0] info: sending query: google.com. A IN
[1730297056] unbound[5388:0] debug: sending to target: <google.com.> 216.239.38.10#53
[1730297056] unbound[5388:0] debug: cache memory msg=70045 rrset=100203 infra=29147 val=67208 subnet=74536
[1730297056] unbound[5388:0] debug: iterator[module 2] operate: extstate:module_wait_reply event:module_event_reply
[1730297056] unbound[5388:0] info: iterator operate: query google.com. A IN
[1730297056] unbound[5388:0] info: response for google.com. A IN
[1730297056] unbound[5388:0] info: reply from <google.com.> 216.239.38.10#53
[1730297056] unbound[5388:0] info: query response was ANSWER
[1730297056] unbound[5388:0] info: finishing processing for google.com. A IN
[1730297056] unbound[5388:0] debug: validator[module 1] operate: extstate:module_wait_module event:module_event_moddone
[1730297056] unbound[5388:0] info: validator operate: query google.com. A IN
[1730297056] unbound[5388:0] debug: subnetcache[module 0] operate: extstate:module_wait_module event:module_event_moddone
[1730297056] unbound[5388:0] info: subnetcache operate: query google.com. A IN
[1730297056] unbound[5388:0] debug: cache memory msg=70045 rrset=100203 infra=29147 val=67208 subnet=74536
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] debug: subnetcache[module 0] operate: extstate:module_state_initial event:module_event_new
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] info: subnetcache operate: query google.com. A IN
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] debug: validator[module 1] operate: extstate:module_state_initial event:module_event_pass
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] info: validator operate: query google.com. A IN
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] debug: iterator[module 2] operate: extstate:module_state_initial event:module_event_pass
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] info: resolving google.com. A IN
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] info: resolving (init part 2):  google.com. A IN
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] info: resolving (init part 3):  google.com. A IN
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] info: processQueryTargets: google.com. A IN
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] info: sending query: google.com. A IN
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] debug: sending to target: <com.> 2001:503:83eb::30#53
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] debug: cache memory msg=78073 rrset=130165 infra=41184 val=69264 subnet=74536
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] debug: iterator[module 2] operate: extstate:module_wait_reply event:module_event_noreply
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] info: iterator operate: query google.com. A IN
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] info: processQueryTargets: google.com. A IN
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] info: sending query: google.com. A IN
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] debug: sending to target: <com.> 192.41.162.30#53
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] debug: cache memory msg=78073 rrset=130165 infra=41184 val=69264 subnet=74536
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] debug: iterator[module 2] operate: extstate:module_wait_reply event:module_event_reply
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] info: iterator operate: query google.com. A IN
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] info: response for google.com. A IN
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] info: reply from <com.> 192.41.162.30#53
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] info: query response was REFERRAL
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] info: processQueryTargets: google.com. A IN
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] info: sending query: google.com. A IN
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] debug: sending to target: <google.com.> 216.239.32.10#53
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] debug: cache memory msg=78073 rrset=132972 infra=41184 val=69414 subnet=74536
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] debug: iterator[module 2] operate: extstate:module_wait_reply event:module_event_reply
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] info: iterator operate: query google.com. A IN
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] info: response for google.com. A IN
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] info: reply from <google.com.> 216.239.32.10#53
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] info: query response was ANSWER
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] info: finishing processing for google.com. A IN
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] debug: validator[module 1] operate: extstate:module_wait_module event:module_event_moddone
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] info: validator operate: query google.com. A IN
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] debug: subnetcache[module 0] operate: extstate:module_wait_module event:module_event_moddone
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] info: subnetcache operate: query google.com. A IN
[1730297130] unbound[5379:0] debug: cache memory msg=78333 rrset=133364 infra=41492 val=69414 subnet=74536
networking
  • 2 Answers
  • 73 Views
Martin Hope
Sun Bear
Asked: 2024-10-30 12:13:59 +0800 CST

unbound[6165:0] fatal error: could not set up remote-control

  • 5

This is a follow-up question to my 2nd question. The solution by @mpboden was implemented. In addition, I have added the auto-trust-anchor-file: and enabled remote-control:, as is defined in the Unbound example for Setting up for the rest of the network example.

server:
    directory: "/etc/unbound"
    username: "unbound"
    chroot: ""
    verbosity: 1
    logfile: "/etc/unbound/unbound.log"
    pidfile: "/etc/unbound/unbound.pid"
    # location of the trust anchor file that enables DNSSEC
    auto-trust-anchor-file: "/var/lib/unbound/root.key"
    # send minimal amount of information to upstream servers to enhance privacy
    qname-minimisation: yes
    # The port number on which the server responds to queries. 
    port: 3000
    # the interface that is used to connect to the network (this will listen to all interfaces)
    interface: 0.0.0.0
    interface: ::0
    # addresses from the IP range that are allowed to connect to the resolver
    access-control: 192.168.1.0/24 allow
    access-control: 2001:DB8::/64 allow

remote-control:
    # allows controling unbound using "unbound-control"
    control-enable: yes

However, I discovered 4 errors and 1 failure message using debug mode. From my troubleshooting efforts, I found that these error and failure messages occurred whenever control-enable: yes was allowed.

root@DNS:/etc/unbound# unbound -d -vv -c unbound.conf
[1730259092] unbound[6165:0] notice: Start of unbound 1.19.2.
[1730259092] unbound[6165:0] error: Error for server-cert-file: /etc/unbound/unbound_server.pem
[1730259092] unbound[6165:0] error: Error in SSL_CTX use_certificate_chain_file crypto error:80000002:system library::No such file or directory
[1730259092] unbound[6165:0] error: and additionally crypto error:10080002:BIO routines::system lib
[1730259092] unbound[6165:0] error: and additionally crypto error:0A080002:SSL routines::system lib
[1730259092] unbound[6165:0] fatal error: could not set up remote-control

I have checked that /var/lib/unbound/root.key exists. Unbound still works but unbound-control can't be used. Unbound is looking for /etc/unbound/unbound_server.pem but this file does not exist. How do I resolve this remote-control config issue?

Update:

with @mpboden answer, I discovered that the command unbound-control-setup is meant to create these files in /etc/unbound: unbound_control.pem, unbound_server.pem, unbound_control.key, unbound_server.key, to allow remote control.

root@DNS:/etc/unbound# unbound-control-setup -h
usage: /usr/sbin/unbound-control-setup OPTIONS
OPTIONS
-d <dir>  used directory to store keys and certificates (default: /etc/unbound)
-h        show help notice
-r        recreate certificates
root@DNS:/etc/unbound# unbound-control-setup
setup in directory /etc/unbound
Certificate request self-signature ok
subject=CN = unbound-control
removing artifacts
Setup success. Certificates created. Enable in unbound.conf file to use
root@DNS:/etc/unbound# ls
unbound.conf    unbound.conf.d       unbound.pid          unbound_control.pem  unbound_server.pem
unbound.log     unbound_control.key  unbound_server.key
networking
  • 1 Answers
  • 41 Views
Martin Hope
Sun Bear
Asked: 2024-10-30 00:39:49 +0800 CST

Why the unbound DNS failed to dig a domain?

  • 8

This is a follow-up question to my earlier question. Below is the /etc/unbound/unbound.conf file:

# unbound.conf(5) config file for unbound(8).
server:
    directory: "/etc/unbound"
    username: "unbound"
    chroot: ""
    logfile: "/etc/unbound/unbound.log"
    pidfile: "/etc/unbound/unbound.pid"
    verbosity: 1
    # listen on all interfaces and answer queries from the local port 3000.
    interface: 0.0.0.0 
    interface: ::0
    port: 3000
    access-control: 10.0.0.0/8 allow
    #access-control: 2001:DB8::/64 allow

With unbound.service started, I tried to dig a domain via the local unbound server:

root@DNS:/etc/unbound# dig example.com A @192.168.1.50 -p 3000

; <<>> DiG 9.18.28-0ubuntu0.24.04.1-Ubuntu <<>> example.com A @192.168.1.50 -p 3000
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: REFUSED, id: 8367
;; flags: qr rd ad; QUERY: 0, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.50#3000(192.168.1.50) (UDP)
;; WHEN: Tue Oct 29 16:18:19 UTC 2024
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 12

I don't understand why WARNING: recursion requested but not available as unbound is configured to be a recursive resolver by default. Also. SERVER: 192.168.1.50#3000(192.168.1.50) (UDP) shows that unbound was used, however, it failed to get the domain. What is wrong and how do I fix this issue?

Below shows the answer via systemd-resolved.service stub server:

root@DNS:/etc/unbound# dig example.com

; <<>> DiG 9.18.28-0ubuntu0.24.04.1-Ubuntu <<>> example.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 36356
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;example.com.           IN  A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
example.com.        3304    IN  A   93.184.215.14

;; Query time: 12 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) (UDP)
;; WHEN: Tue Oct 29 16:43:59 UTC 2024
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 56

Update:

After correcting the subnet as mentioned by @mpboden answer, the dig command only worked once. Why is this the case?

root@DNS:/etc/unbound/unbound.conf.d# systemctl start unbound.service
root@DNS:/etc/unbound/unbound.conf.d# [1730230920] unbound[5780:0] notice: init module 0: subnetcache
[1730230920] unbound[5780:0] notice: init module 1: validator
[1730230920] unbound[5780:0] notice: init module 2: iterator
[1730230921] unbound[5780:0] info: start of service (unbound 1.19.2).

root@DNS:/etc/unbound/unbound.conf.d# dig example.com A @192.168.1.50 -p 3000

; <<>> DiG 9.18.28-0ubuntu0.24.04.1-Ubuntu <<>> example.com A @192.168.1.50 -p 3000
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 40273
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 1232
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;example.com.           IN  A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
example.com.        3600    IN  A   93.184.215.14

;; Query time: 712 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.50#3000(192.168.1.50) (UDP)
;; WHEN: Tue Oct 29 19:42:34 UTC 2024
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 56

root@DNS:/etc/unbound/unbound.conf.d# dig google.com A @192.168.1.50 -p 3000

; <<>> DiG 9.18.28-0ubuntu0.24.04.1-Ubuntu <<>> google.com A @192.168.1.50 -p 3000
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: REFUSED, id: 49774
;; flags: qr rd ad; QUERY: 0, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.50#3000(192.168.1.50) (UDP)
;; WHEN: Tue Oct 29 19:42:56 UTC 2024
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 12


root@DNS:/etc/unbound/unbound.conf.d# dig example.com A @192.168.1.50 -p 3000

; <<>> DiG 9.18.28-0ubuntu0.24.04.1-Ubuntu <<>> example.com A @192.168.1.50 -p 3000
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: REFUSED, id: 46236
;; flags: qr rd ad; QUERY: 0, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.50#3000(192.168.1.50) (UDP)
;; WHEN: Tue Oct 29 19:43:36 UTC 2024
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 12
networking
  • 1 Answers
  • 310 Views
Martin Hope
Sun Bear
Asked: 2024-10-29 10:49:26 +0800 CST

Why is interface: 0.0.0.0 causing failure in restarting unbound.service?

  • 7

unbound.service runs w/o error when these 3 default files (created after installing unbound) are used:

root@DNS:/etc/unbound# cat unbound.conf
# Unbound configuration file for Debian.
#
# See the unbound.conf(5) man page.
#
# See /usr/share/doc/unbound/examples/unbound.conf for a commented
# reference config file.
#
# The following line includes additional configuration files from the
# /etc/unbound/unbound.conf.d directory.
include-toplevel: "/etc/unbound/unbound.conf.d/*.conf"
root@DNS:/etc/unbound# cat unbound.conf.d/remote-control.conf 
remote-control:
  control-enable: yes
  # by default the control interface is is 127.0.0.1 and ::1 and port 8953
  # it is possible to use a unix socket too
  control-interface: /run/unbound.ctl
root@DNS:/etc/unbound# cat unbound.conf.d/root-auto-trust-anchor-file.conf 
server:
    # The following line will configure unbound to perform cryptographic
    # DNSSEC validation using the root trust anchor.
    auto-trust-anchor-file: "/var/lib/unbound/root.key"

However, when these 3 files are removed and the content of /etc/unbound/unbound.conf made to contain

# unbound.conf(5) config file for unbound(8).
server:
    directory: "/etc/unbound"
    username: "unbound"
    # make sure unbound can access entropy from inside the chroot.
    # e.g. on linux the use these commands (on BSD, devfs(8) is used):
    #      mount --bind -n /dev/urandom /etc/unbound/dev/urandom
    # and  mount --bind -n /dev/log /etc/unbound/dev/log
    #chroot: "/etc/unbound"
    # logfile: "/etc/unbound/unbound.log"  #uncomment to use logfile.
    pidfile: "/etc/unbound/unbound.pid"
    # verbosity: 1      # uncomment and increase to get more logging.
    # listen on all interfaces, answer queries from the local subnet.
    interface: 0.0.0.0
    interface: ::0
    access-control: 10.0.0.0/8 allow
    #access-control: 2001:DB8::/64 allow

unbound.service fails to restart using service unbound restart. e.g.

root@DNS:/etc/unbound# service unbound restart
Job for unbound.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status unbound.service" and "journalctl -xeu unbound.service" for details.
root@DNS:/etc/unbound# systemctl status unbound.service
× unbound.service - Unbound DNS server
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/unbound.service; disabled; preset: enabled)
     Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Mon 2024-10-28 16:01:59 UTC; 18s ago
   Duration: 50min 13.453s
       Docs: man:unbound(8)
    Process: 3385 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/unbound-helper chroot_setup (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Process: 3388 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/unbound-helper root_trust_anchor_update (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Process: 3391 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/unbound -d -p $DAEMON_OPTS (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
    Process: 3393 ExecStopPost=/usr/libexec/unbound-helper chroot_teardown (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 3391 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
        CPU: 168ms

Oct 28 16:01:59 DNS systemd[1]: unbound.service: Scheduled restart job, restart counter is at 5.
Oct 28 16:01:59 DNS systemd[1]: unbound.service: Start request repeated too quickly.
Oct 28 16:01:59 DNS systemd[1]: unbound.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Oct 28 16:01:59 DNS systemd[1]: Failed to start unbound.service - Unbound DNS server.

To troubleshoot, I commented out every line, followed by uncommenting each line until unbound.service failed to restart. I discovered that the line interface: 0.0.0.0 is the cause of the error. I can't figure out why 0.0.0.0 is causing the issue. Why is this ip address causing this issue?

System:

  • Unbound version: 1.19.2
  • OS: Linux DNS 6.1.63 #218 SMP Thu Nov 30 20:48:04 CST 2023 aarch64 aarch64 aarch64 GNU/Linux in Ubuntu Server 24.04.1
  • unbound -V output:
root@DNS::/etc/unbound# unbound -V
Version 1.19.2

Configure line: --build=aarch64-linux-gnu --prefix=/usr --includedir=${prefix}/include --mandir=${prefix}/share/man --infodir=${prefix}/share/info --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var --disable-option-checking --disable-silent-rules --libdir=${prefix}/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu --runstatedir=/run --disable-maintainer-mode --disable-dependency-tracking --with-pythonmodule --with-pyunbound --enable-subnet --enable-dnstap --enable-systemd --enable-cachedb --with-libhiredis --with-libnghttp2 --with-chroot-dir= --with-dnstap-socket-path=/run/dnstap.sock --disable-rpath --with-pidfile=/run/unbound.pid --with-libevent --enable-tfo-client --with-rootkey-file=/usr/share/dns/root.key --disable-flto --enable-tfo-server
Linked libs: libevent 2.1.12-stable (it uses epoll), OpenSSL 3.0.13 30 Jan 2024
Linked modules: dns64 python cachedb subnetcache respip validator iterator
TCP Fastopen feature available


BSD licensed, see LICENSE in source package for details.
Report bugs to [email protected] or https://github.com/NLnetLabs/unbound/issues

Update:

root@DNS:/etc/unbound# unbound -d -vv -c /etc/unbound/unbound.conf
[1730176049] unbound[4263:0] notice: Start of unbound 1.19.2.
[1730176049] unbound[4263:0] error: can't bind socket: Address already in use for 0.0.0.0 port 53
[1730176049] unbound[4263:0] fatal error: could not open ports
networking
  • 2 Answers
  • 84 Views
Martin Hope
Sun Bear
Asked: 2024-10-24 17:26:20 +0800 CST

What does `;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) (UDP)` mean?

  • 8

When I execute dig example.com, one of the returned line states:

;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) (UDP)

Can you explain the meaning of each of the components in this line?

networking
  • 1 Answers
  • 917 Views
Martin Hope
Sun Bear
Asked: 2024-09-28 15:04:10 +0800 CST

Ubuntu 24.04 Nautilus does not show the progress disc when copying large amount of files

  • 5

I noticed that Nautilus in Ubuntu 24.04 does not show the progress disc when copying a large amount of files. Is this situation unique to me or is there a bug or this feature has been removed? Nautilus in Ubuntu 22.04 does show this copying progress disc.

Reply to @cordlord answer:

The image below illustrates what I meant in my comment to your answer. The benefit of this approach over the use of multiple tabs in one window is that the contents in both folders are simultaneously visible.

issue

This next image shows the menu bar when the nautilus window is not in a compact mode. As you have mentioned in your answer, the copying progress info is shown at the bottom of the left menu bar.

one window

nautilus
  • 1 Answers
  • 27 Views
Martin Hope
Sun Bear
Asked: 2024-09-03 09:58:49 +0800 CST

do-release-upgrade from 22.04 to 24.04 crashed during restart. import_mok_state() failed: Volume Full

  • 6

While doing do-release-upgrade from 22.04 to 24.04, this system encountered an issue during restart(i.e. after installing 24.04 was completed). How do I recover from this issue? The upgrade procedure is given by nixCraft.

issue

Below is the EFI boot screen:

efi

upgrade
  • 1 Answers
  • 114 Views
Martin Hope
Sun Bear
Asked: 2024-08-26 22:15:09 +0800 CST

How do I scan both pages on a piece of paper using Document Scanner 42.0?

  • 9

I am trying to do 2-sided copy using the Document Scanner app via the top feeder of a Canon E4570 scanner-printer.

The picture below shows the app setting before clicking Scan. The app is able to scan the top page of the paper but not the bottom page of the paper. How do I activate duplex scanning?

System and App Info:

  • system: Linux 6.8.0-40-generic #40~22.04.3-Ubuntu
  • canon firmware: 1.070
  • document scanner: 42.0

Document Scanner

Preference Window

pdf
  • 1 Answers
  • 133 Views
Martin Hope
Sun Bear
Asked: 2024-03-27 12:20:30 +0800 CST

Command to output a pipenv lockfile into the requirements.txt file?

  • 5

Note

If you’d like a requirements.txt output of the lockfile, run $ pipenv lock -r. This will include all hashes, however (which is great!). To get a requirements.txt without hashes, use $ pipenv run pip freeze.

According to the above pipenv notice, if you’d like a requirements.txt output of the lockfile, you should run $ pipenv lock -r. However, the -r options does not exist:

$ pipenv lock -r
Usage: pipenv lock [OPTIONS]
Try 'pipenv lock -h' for help.
$ pipenv lock -h
Usage: pipenv lock [OPTIONS]

  Generates Pipfile.lock.

Options:
  --categories TEXT
  --dev-only             Emit development dependencies *only* (overrides
                         --dev)
  -d, --dev              Generate both develop and default requirements  [env
                         var: PIPENV_DEV]
  --extra-pip-args TEXT
  --pre                  Allow pre-releases.
  --python TEXT          Specify which version of Python virtualenv should
                         use.
  --clear                Clears caches (pipenv, pip).  [env var: PIPENV_CLEAR]
  -q, --quiet            Quiet mode.
  -v, --verbose          Verbose mode.
  --pypi-mirror TEXT     Specify a PyPI mirror.
  -h, --help             Show this message and exit.

May I know the command to get the requirements.txt output of the pipenv lockfile?

pipenv
  • 1 Answers
  • 16 Views
Martin Hope
Sun Bear
Asked: 2024-01-30 00:53:56 +0800 CST

How to purge old Openshot files?

  • 5

I want a fresh install of Openshot using its latest Linux(64-bit AppImage) file on a machine that had previously installed Openshot via apt, snap and flatpak. I have purged all its old installations. I have even purged flatpak. However, I still found Openshot files on this machine and its thumbnail appears in the Ubuntu 22.04 applications grid.

$ sudo apt list | grep openshot

WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.

libopenshot-audio-dev/jammy 0.2.0+dfsg1-4 amd64
libopenshot-audio-doc/jammy,jammy 0.2.0+dfsg1-4 all
libopenshot-audio-test-sound/jammy 0.2.0+dfsg1-4 amd64
libopenshot-audio7/jammy 0.2.0+dfsg1-4 amd64
libopenshot-dev/jammy 0.2.5+dfsg1-6build2 amd64
libopenshot-doc/jammy,jammy 0.2.5+dfsg1-6build2 all
libopenshot19/jammy 0.2.5+dfsg1-6build2 amd64
openshot-qt-doc/jammy,jammy 2.5.1+dfsg1-2 all
openshot-qt/jammy,jammy 2.5.1+dfsg1-2 all
python3-openshot/jammy 0.2.5+dfsg1-6build2 amd64

$ sudo apt purge openshot
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Package 'openshot' is not installed, so not removed
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  libappstream-glib8 libmalcontent-0-0 libostree-1-1
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.

$ sudo apt purge openshot-qt
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Package 'openshot-qt' is not installed, so not removed
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  libappstream-glib8 libmalcontent-0-0 libostree-1-1
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.

$ dpkg -l | grep openshot

$ flatpak
bash: /usr/bin/flatpak: No such file or directory

However, according to Nautilus, many residual files are in the /var/lib/flatpak/app directory.

residual openshot files

Also, the Openshot thumbnail continues to exist in the Applications grid

openshot thumbnail in Applications grid

but folders ~/.local/share/applications and /usr/share/applications do not contain any openshot .desktop files.

Questions:

  1. Can I simply delete the folder /var/lib/flatpak/app/org.openshot.OpenShot and not cause any problem to the machine?
  2. Since I have purged flatpak, can I even delete folder /var/lib/flatpak?
  3. Also, how do I remove the Openshot thumbnail in the Applications grid?

Update:

I discovered the existence of a file called org.openshot.OpenShot.desktop. It's paths are:

  • /var/lib/flatpak/app/org.openshot.OpenShot/x86_64/stable/a3e062afc67b6bcba4c61fffa4a9c7d4baab1fb0843f99b8f79e2497e15bc42e/export/share/applications/org.openshot.OpenShot.desktop
  • /var/lib/flatpak/exports/share/applications/org.openshot.OpenShot.desktop

This terminal command removed the Openshot thumbnail from the Applications grid:

sudo rm /var/lib/flatpak/exports/share/applications/org.openshot.OpenShot.desktop
apt
  • 1 Answers
  • 39 Views
Martin Hope
Sun Bear
Asked: 2023-10-30 18:54:59 +0800 CST

Video recorded by PrtScrn -> Screencast looks strange. How to fix?

  • 5

After pressing on PrtScrn and going to the video mode to record a video of the desktop, the recorded video shows the following issue: screencast video issue

How do I fix this Screencast video mode recording issue? The Screencast is able to take a photo of the Desktop but not able to record video on the Desktop.

System details:

Ubuntu 22.04

Acer E14 laptop.

Linux 6.2.0-35-generic

FYI:

  1. The Cheese app also could not work but the Guvcview app does work.
  2. The Zoom app works right out of the box.
sound
  • 1 Answers
  • 21 Views
Martin Hope
Sun Bear
Asked: 2023-09-02 19:07:58 +0800 CST

Software update programs - which to keep and which to remove? [duplicate]

  • 5
This question already has answers here:
Has 'Ubuntu Software' been renamed to 'Snap Store'? (5 answers)
Closed 3 days ago.
$ dpkg -l | grep softwar
ii  brltty                                        6.4-4ubuntu3                                amd64        Access software for a blind person using a braille display
ii  docbook-xml                                   4.5-11                                      all          standard XML documentation system for software and systems
ii  espeak-ng-data:amd64                          1.50+dfsg-10                                amd64        Multi-lingual software speech synthesizer: speech data files
ii  gnome-software                                41.5-2ubuntu2                               amd64        Software Center for GNOME
ii  gnome-software-common                         41.5-2ubuntu2                               all          Software Center for GNOME (common files)
ii  gnome-software-plugin-flatpak                 41.5-2ubuntu2                               amd64        Flatpak support for GNOME Software
ii  gnome-software-plugin-snap                    41.5-2ubuntu2                               amd64        Snap support for GNOME Software
ii  libdv4:amd64                                  1.0.0-14build1                              amd64        software library for DV format digital video (runtime lib)
ii  libespeak-ng1:amd64                           1.50+dfsg-10                                amd64        Multi-lingual software speech synthesizer: shared library
ii  libfluidsynth-dev:amd64                       2.2.5-1                                     amd64        Real-time MIDI software synthesizer (development files)
ii  libfluidsynth3:amd64                          2.2.5-1                                     amd64        Real-time MIDI software synthesizer (runtime library)
ii  libqpdf28:amd64                               10.6.3-1                                    amd64        runtime library for PDF transformation/inspection software
ii  libwildmidi2:amd64                            0.4.3-1                                     amd64        software MIDI player library
ii  python3-software-properties                   0.99.22.7                                   all          manage the repositories that you install software from
ii  software-properties-common                    0.99.22.7                                   all          manage the repositories that you install software from (common)
ii  software-properties-gtk                       0.99.22.7                                   all          manage the repositories that you install software from (gtk)
ii  steam:i386                                    1:1.0.0.74-1ubuntu2                         i386         Valve's Steam digital software delivery system
ii  xbrlapi                                       6.4-4ubuntu3                                amd64        Access software for a blind person using a braille display - xbrlapi

The above shows a Ubuntu 22.04 system having two types of software update files. Namely, :

  1. gnome-software, gnome-software-common, gnome-software-plugin-flatpak, gnome-software-plugin-snap
  2. python3-software-properties, software-properties-common and software-properties-gtk

On the dock, these two app icons are present(see below). Both programs do the same job.

icons

Am I correct to think that only one of them is needed? Which should I uninstall to avoid duplicated programs residing in the system?

apt
  • 1 Answers
  • 37 Views
Martin Hope
Sun Bear
Asked: 2022-01-11 20:26:38 +0800 CST

Can I remove the older revision package of duplicated snap packages?

  • 9

While examining the snap packages that are installed in a system, I noticed that some packages have a duplicate, one having an over revision number while the other having a newer revision number. For such duplicated packages, my questions are:

  1. Why are they duplicated?
  2. Can I remove the older package to ensure better disk space management?
  3. How do I remove the older package?

Below are examples of packages that do and do not have duplicates:

$ du -hcs /var/lib/snapd/snaps/*
31M /var/lib/snapd/snaps/2048x_3.snap
286M    /var/lib/snapd/snaps/atom_282.snap
4.0K    /var/lib/snapd/snaps/bare_5.snap
72M /var/lib/snapd/snaps/bitwarden_58.snap
72M /var/lib/snapd/snaps/bitwarden_59.snap
196M    /var/lib/snapd/snaps/blender_1113.snap
214M    /var/lib/snapd/snaps/blender_1237.snap
9.1M    /var/lib/snapd/snaps/canonical-livepatch_119.snap
9.1M    /var/lib/snapd/snaps/canonical-livepatch_126.snap
148M    /var/lib/snapd/snaps/chromium_1854.snap
148M    /var/lib/snapd/snaps/chromium_1864.snap
17M /var/lib/snapd/snaps/chromium-ffmpeg_23.snap
18M /var/lib/snapd/snaps/chromium-ffmpeg_24.snap
....

~$ ls -lh /var/lib/snapd/snaps/
total 12G
-rw------- 2 root root  31M Aug  5 06:23 2048x_3.snap
-rw------- 2 root root 286M Aug  5 08:35 atom_282.snap
-rw------- 2 root root 4.0K Sep 22 18:17 bare_5.snap
-rw------- 1 root root  72M Oct 30 00:20 bitwarden_58.snap
-rw------- 1 root root  72M Dec  9 04:28 bitwarden_59.snap
-rw------- 1 root root 196M Nov 18 04:06 blender_1113.snap
-rw------- 1 root root 214M Dec  4 09:39 blender_1237.snap
-rw------- 2 root root 9.1M Nov 17 21:06 canonical-livepatch_119.snap
-rw------- 2 root root 9.1M Nov 22 22:39 canonical-livepatch_126.snap
-rw------- 1 root root 148M Dec 16 04:28 chromium_1854.snap
-rw------- 1 root root 148M Jan  8 08:33 chromium_1864.snap
-rw------- 1 root root  17M Sep  3 06:29 chromium-ffmpeg_23.snap
-rw------- 2 root root  18M Nov 29 14:23 chromium-ffmpeg_24.snap
....

On the system that I am looking at, the total disk space utilized by /var/lib/snapd/snaps/* is 12,180.248 MB. The disk space of all the duplicated packages(i.e. older revision of the same package) is 4,163.1 MB. In short, the older revision packages currently takes up 34.18% of the 12,180.248 MB. This appears to be a cost to using SNAP apps that I had not realised before.

20.04
  • 3 Answers
  • 1112 Views
Martin Hope
Sun Bear
Asked: 2022-01-11 19:38:08 +0800 CST

How to list the size of each installed snap package in Ubuntu 20.04?

  • 5

How does a user list the size of each installed snap package in Ubuntu 20.04? The purpose is to get an overview perspective of the disk space utilised by each installed snap package. The command snap list does not do this. Also, the app Disk Usage Analyzer could not show further than /var/lib/snapd/snaps.

disk usage analyzer

20.04
  • 2 Answers
  • 555 Views
Martin Hope
Sun Bear
Asked: 2020-09-03 00:43:11 +0800 CST

ACPI BIOS ERROR (BUG): Could not resolve symbol [\_SB.PCIO.SATO.PRTO._GTF.DSSP] AE_NOT_FOUND (20190816/psargs-330)

  • 14

My Ubuntu 18.04 system has been working fine for quite some time (a few years). It suddenly threw up this error. Causes the system to auto-reboot several time. Sometimes it is able to boot into the login but even after login, it is behaving in a cranky manner. What gives?

linux kernel 5.4.0-42-generic

Error

Update:

  1. The BIOS was updated and that resolved the crazy auto-reboot issue and made the system usable.

  2. I found that this Error appears in the dmesg log of both 18.04 and 16.04. Below is a more detailed list of the ACPI error msg (I found some related ACPI msgs was issued but without the ACPI syntax). It seems the issue pertains to the method _GTF. What is that and what does it do? Also, what is a DSSP?

More details from dmesg on the error:

[    1.201570] ACPI BIOS Error (bug): Could not resolve symbol [\_SB.PCI0.SAT0.PRT0._GTF.DSSP], AE_NOT_FOUND (20190816/psargs-330)
[    1.201575] No Local Variables are initialized for Method [_GTF]
[    1.201576] No Arguments are initialized for method [_GTF]
[    1.201577] ACPI Error: Aborting method \_SB.PCI0.SAT0.PRT0._GTF due to previous error (AE_NOT_FOUND) (20190816/psparse-531)
[    1.205307] ACPI BIOS Error (bug): Could not resolve symbol [\_SB.PCI0.SAT0.PRT0._GTF.DSSP], AE_NOT_FOUND (20190816/psargs-330)
[    1.205311] No Local Variables are initialized for Method [_GTF]
[    1.205312] No Arguments are initialized for method [_GTF]
[    1.205313] ACPI Error: Aborting method \_SB.PCI0.SAT0.PRT0._GTF due to previous error (AE_NOT_FOUND) (20190816/psparse-531)
[    1.249944] ACPI BIOS Error (bug): Could not resolve symbol [\_SB.PCI0.SAT0.PRT1._GTF.DSSP], AE_NOT_FOUND (20190816/psargs-330)
[    1.249949] No Local Variables are initialized for Method [_GTF]
[    1.249950] No Arguments are initialized for method [_GTF]
[    1.249951] ACPI Error: Aborting method \_SB.PCI0.SAT0.PRT1._GTF due to previous error (AE_NOT_FOUND) (20190816/psparse-531)
[    1.333524] ACPI BIOS Error (bug): Could not resolve symbol [\_SB.PCI0.SAT0.PRT1._GTF.DSSP], AE_NOT_FOUND (20190816/psargs-330)
[    1.333529] No Local Variables are initialized for Method [_GTF]
[    1.333530] No Arguments are initialized for method [_GTF]
[    1.333531] ACPI Error: Aborting method \_SB.PCI0.SAT0.PRT1._GTF due to previous error (AE_NOT_FOUND) (20190816/psparse-531)
boot 18.04
  • 1 Answers
  • 18931 Views
Martin Hope
Sun Bear
Asked: 2020-03-08 05:30:51 +0800 CST

The number of tools in GIMP Toolbox have reduced. How to restore them?

  • 6

There used to be many tools in the GIMP Toolbox. However, recently after an Update, many of the tools in the Toolbox seems to have been removed. How do I restore the original layout of the Toolbox?

Current Toolbox with less tools:

gimp toolbox issue

$ snap list | grep gimp
gimp                     2.10.18                     252   stable    snapcrafters

I just tried to run gimp from the command line and found the below msg. I also see this msg in other computer.

$ gimp
ln: failed to create symbolic link '~/snap/gimp/252/.config/gtk-2.0/gtkfilechooser.ini': File exists
/snap/gimp/252/usr/bin/gimp: Gimp-Widgets-WARNING: parse_iso_codes: error parsing '/build/gimp/parts/gimp/install/usr/share/xml/iso-codes/iso_639.xml': No such file or directory
gimp 18.04
  • 1 Answers
  • 1561 Views
Martin Hope
Sun Bear
Asked: 2018-10-17 04:01:11 +0800 CST

How to display/extend/mirror/cast Ubuntu 16.04 screen to a Samsung Smart TV that is connected to the same network?

  • 5

How can I share/display what I am seeing on my Ubuntu system to a networked Samsung Smart TV? The Ubuntu system and Samsung Smart TV are LAN connected to the same network. The Ubuntu system is a workstation.

I found this question however the solution there on using hdmi and vga cable isn't what i am looking for. I am looking for a solution akin to what we can get from mirroring or chromecasting.

Update: I found the following useful links on this subject (but there is no mention of Linux/Ubuntu):

  1. Best Miracast and Screen-Mirroring Devices 2018
  2. How to Mirror PC to TV
networking multiple-monitors display samsung
  • 1 Answers
  • 23050 Views

Sidebar

Stats

  • Questions 681965
  • Answers 980273
  • Best Answers 280204
  • Users 287326
  • Popular
  • Answers
  • Marko Smith

    How to install Google Chrome

    • 8 Answers
  • Marko Smith

    Is there a command to list all users? Also to add, delete, modify users, in the terminal?

    • 9 Answers
  • Marko Smith

    How to delete a non-empty directory in Terminal?

    • 4 Answers
  • Marko Smith

    How to unzip a zip file from the Terminal?

    • 9 Answers
  • Marko Smith

    How can I copy the contents of a folder to another folder in a different directory using terminal?

    • 8 Answers
  • Marko Smith

    How do I install a .deb file via the command line?

    • 11 Answers
  • Marko Smith

    How do I run .sh scripts?

    • 16 Answers
  • Marko Smith

    How do I install a .tar.gz (or .tar.bz2) file?

    • 14 Answers
  • Marko Smith

    How to list all installed packages

    • 24 Answers
  • Marko Smith

    Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/) is another process using it?

    • 25 Answers
  • Martin Hope
    Flimm How can I use docker without sudo? 2014-06-07 00:17:43 +0800 CST
  • Martin Hope
    led-Zepp How do I save terminal output to a file? 2014-02-15 11:49:07 +0800 CST
  • Martin Hope
    ubuntu-nerd How to unzip a zip file from the Terminal? 2011-12-11 20:37:54 +0800 CST
  • Martin Hope
    pandisvezia How can I copy the contents of a folder to another folder in a different directory using terminal? 2011-12-11 17:19:37 +0800 CST
  • Martin Hope
    TheXed How do I install a .deb file via the command line? 2011-05-07 09:40:28 +0800 CST
  • Martin Hope
    Ivan How to list all installed packages 2010-12-17 18:08:49 +0800 CST
  • Martin Hope
    La Ode Adam Saputra Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/) is another process using it? 2010-11-30 18:12:48 +0800 CST
  • Martin Hope
    David Barry How do I determine the total size of a directory (folder) from the command line? 2010-08-06 10:20:23 +0800 CST
  • Martin Hope
    jfoucher "The following packages have been kept back:" Why and how do I solve it? 2010-08-01 13:59:22 +0800 CST
  • Martin Hope
    David Ashford How can PPAs be removed? 2010-07-30 01:09:42 +0800 CST

Related Questions

Trending Tags

10.10 10.04 gnome networking server command-line package-management software-recommendation sound xorg

Explore

  • Home
  • Questions
    • Hot Questions
    • New Questions
  • Tags
  • Help

Footer

SnapOverflow

About Us

  • About Us
  • Contact Us

Legal Stuff

  • Privacy Policy

Help

© 2022 SOF-TR. All Rights Reserve