AveryFreeman's questions

I have a system that has had jammy jellyfish installed for a few months, it's installed on zfs through the regular desktop installer.

I did a routine apt update and rebooted and it went straight to busybox prompt / initramfs after choosing a boot option in the grub menu.

I have tried every boot option I have in the grub menu, none of the initramfs have zfs modules installed. This is odd, because in the past if one initramfs archive didn't have the modules, one of the older ones generally would, and I could still boot to fix the newer one(s).

I had both zfs-dkms and zfs-initramfs packages installed. I actually booted a live USB and mounted the 3 partitions: rpool, bpool and efi at /mnt, /mnt/boot and /mnt/boot/efi respectively, and bind-mounted /mnt/boot/efi/grub to /mnt/boot/grub

I went in and cleared out all the initramfs in /mnt/boot, got rid of zfs-dkms, made sure I had only -generic kernels installed, re-installed them, and even ran update-initramfs -vuk all after installing them just to be thorough (although, now that I think about it, the generic modules should work without needing to update the initramfs if they're not being built with dkms, amirite?)

I still drop to busybox every time I try and boot the system, so at this point I'm not really sure what's going on.

I might try and go through the whole process again just to see if I can get it to boot after installing the zfs-dkms package, but I wouldn't think I would need it if I am only using the Ubuntu generic kernels, as they're meant to be compatible with the zfs-initramfs package. I previously had installed zfs-dkms only because I was running a couple xanmod kernels.

That's actually how I found out the older initramfs of the generic kernels should work even if zfs.kos hadn't been built for them specifically through dkms - the xanmod kernels wouldn't boot before I'd installed the zfs-dkms package, but the generic kernels booted just fine using just the zfs-initramfs package.

So now I am basically out of ideas. Has anyone else had this issue of a non-booting jammy system on zfs after a routine apt update? It's really weird, and I am not seeing any "conventional" ways of solving the problem.

Could I maybe add an external zfs repo like from openzfs and try that out? Or use zfs-testing repo? Seriously grasping straws at this point. Hopefully I won't have to do anything too crazy, but seriously, this sucks. Any help much appreciated, thanks.

I'm noticing a "new" line in fstab I've never noticed before, and I'm wondering if it has to do with this installation being on ZFS

AFAICR /boot/grub has always existed independent of the efi partition, but in the case of this new installation, it lives on /dev/nvme0n1p1 (the efi partition) in /grub and then is bind mounted to /boot/grub

Here's the exact line in /etc/fstab:

UUID=B045-5C3B  /boot/efi       vfat    umask=0022,fmask=0022,dmask=0022      0       1
/boot/efi/grub  /boot/grub  none    defaults,bind   0   0

(efi mountpoint added for context)

Questions:

Is this normal behavior, and I just haven't noticed it before?

If this is not typical of "regular" Ubuntu installations, is there some reason Ubuntu on ZFS needs grub.cfg (et. al.) to be available in the efi partition during startup?

Thanks

I am getting used to netplan.io on my laptop after routinely uninstalling it for several years in favor of ifupdown.

This is probably far-fetched, but since it's running a desktop front-end (plasma), I'm wondering if it'd be possible to use it to use two different renderers simultaneously - one for ethernet, and one for wifi, as I have failed to find a GUI for systemd-networkd, but would still like to be able to configure the wifi with a GUI.

Example:

"network": {
  "version": 2,
  "renderer": "networkd",
  "ethernets": {
    "enp0s31f6": {
      "dhcp4": false,
      "addresses": [
        "192.168.1.28/24"
      ],
      "routes": [
        {
        "to": "default",
        "via": "192.168.1.1"
        }
      ],
      "nameservers": {
        "addresses": [
          "192.168.1.2", "192.168.1.3"
        ],
        "search": [
          "domain.com"
        ]
      },
      "dhcp6": true
    }
  },
  "wifis": {
    "wlan0": {
      "renderer": "NetworkManager"
    }
  }
}

(I've been writing my configs in JSON and converting them with yq, since I like how JSON is a bit more explicit)

If it is impossible to use two renderers at once, is there an alternative to NetworkManager but has a similar interface that uses ncurses or Qt, and will interact with wlan0 on systemd-networkd?

I'm working towards backing up a laptop running Ubuntu on ZFS. I have a backup server also running ZFS on some ancillary volumes (not the root).

I made a snapshot of bpool today and sent it to the backup server using zfs send / recv commands:

export SNAPSHOT=first-backup-2022-01-27
zfs snapshot -r bpool@$SNAPSHOT
zfs send -LRc bpool@$SNAPSHOT | pv | ssh [email protected] zfs recv -F susepool0/sets/1M/os-images/Ubuntu-thinkpad-t460s/bpool@$SNAPSHOT

This works fine for the first backup, but when I went to the server where the backups will be stored, the mountpoint is still set to /boot:

zfs list | grep t460s
susepool0/sets/1M/os-images/Ubuntu-thinkpad-t460s/bpool@first-backup-2022-01-27                      591M  3.83T       96K  /boot
susepool0/sets/1M/os-images/Ubuntu-thinkpad-t460s/bpool/BOOT@first-backup-2022-01-27                 591M  3.83T       96K  none
susepool0/sets/1M/os-images/Ubuntu-thinkpad-t460s/bpool/BOOT/ubuntu_qjvcro@first-backup-2022-01-27   591M  3.83T      162M  /boot

How can I best configure this backup so its mountpoints don't conflict with the server they will be stored on? The rpool has everything, like /usr, /var, /etc - I could see that being a real mess if those were allowed to re-mount remotely.

Edit: Someone asked me to post the ZFS mountpoints on the source and destination because they thought it might be helpful, so I am happy to oblige:

Edit edit (1-30-2021): I was asked to make these lists less voluminous, so these lists only include the most pertinent filesystem mounts to demonstrate what I'm saying about how the zfs mountpoints will conflict with the unix file paths if a snapshot image is sent containing the same mounts

I'm thinking a possible solution could be to set an alternate root for the snapshots, either before or after the snapshot is sent, but I am not sure how to do that or what command would be responsible.

Client (source) - This is the machine running ZFS root (Ubuntu 21.10):

❯ for i in bpool rpool/ROOT; do echo ' '; zfs list -t filesystem -o name,mountpoint -d 4 $i; done

NAME                      MOUNTPOINT
bpool                     /boot
bpool/BOOT                none
bpool/BOOT/ubuntu_qjvcro  /boot

NAME                                              MOUNTPOINT
rpool/ROOT                                        none
rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_qjvcro                          /
rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_qjvcro/srv                      /srv
rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_qjvcro/usr                      /usr
rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_qjvcro/usr/local                /usr/local
rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_qjvcro/var                      /var
rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_qjvcro/var/games                /var/games
rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_qjvcro/var/lib                  /var/lib
rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_qjvcro/var/lib/AccountsService  /var/lib/AccountsService
rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_qjvcro/var/lib/NetworkManager   /var/lib/NetworkManager
rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_qjvcro/var/lib/apt              /var/lib/apt
rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_qjvcro/var/lib/dpkg             /var/lib/dpkg
rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_qjvcro/var/lib/machines         /var/lib/machines
rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_qjvcro/var/log                  /var/log
rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_qjvcro/var/mail                 /var/mail
rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_qjvcro/var/snap                 /var/snap
rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_qjvcro/var/spool                /var/spool
rpool/ROOT/ubuntu_qjvcro/var/www                  /var/www

Server (destination) - note, this machine uses btrfs for its root filesystem, but that doesn't mean a if rpool/ROOT tries to mount to / it won't be a problem:

❯ ssh osuse-leap zfs list -t filesystem,volume -o name,mountpoint -d 2
NAME                                  MOUNTPOINT
susepool0                             /mnt/susepool0
susepool0/sets                        /mnt/susepool0/sets
susepool0/sets/16K                    /mnt/susepool0/sets/16K
susepool0/sets/1M                     /mnt/susepool0/sets/1M
susepool0/sets/4K                     /mnt/susepool0/sets/4K
susepool0/sets/64K                    /mnt/susepool0/sets/64K
susepool0/sets/chipmunk-user-folder   /mnt/ubuntu/home/avery
susepool0/snapper-backup              /mnt/snapper
susepool0/snapper-backup/vols         /mnt/snapper/vols
susepool0/vols                        /mnt/susepool0/vols
susepool0/vols/endpoint-bob-image     -
susepool0/vols/macosvol0              -
susepool0/vols/real-endpoint-bob      -
susepool0/vols/testvol                -
susepool0/vols/vmfspool0              -

I realize there's been several questions by people who've had issues booting already, but I think mine is a rather particular case, so I'm posting yet another question in hopes of addressing some new issues.

I've been repairing the boot process of a VM that had an initramfs (initrd.img and vmlinuz files in /boot) from kernels that were no longer installed, and was trying to still boot from them.

I am very close to being finished, but it keeps rebooting into systemd's emergency mode (where it says: )

You are in emergency mode. After logging in, type "journalctl -xb" to view system logs, "systemctl reboot" to reboot, "systemctl default" or "exit" to boot into default mode.
Give root password for maintenance
(or press Control-D to continue):

I booted from a live CD, mounted the 3 pertinent partitions to /mnt, chrooted to /mnt:

mount /dev/sda3 /mnt
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/boot
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi
for i in proc dev dev/pts sys tmp run; do mount --bind /$i /mnt/$i; done
chroot /mnt

Did my repairs and rebooted.

Now my fstab is not mounting my partitions. I thought it was correctly configured - UUIDs are copied directly from blkid | grep /dev/sda. I didn't think it was missing anything.

Here are the errors I'm seeing right before getting to the emergency mode prompt:

[FAILED] Failed to mount /boot
See 'systemctl status boot.mount' for details.
[DEPEND] Dependency failed for Local File Systems
[DEPEND] Dependency failed for Unattended Upgrades Shutdown
[DEPEND] Dependency failed for /boot/efi

So, of course I looked at systemctl status boot.mount, but it's active (green) and says it's loaded, even though my /boot folder is empty unless I manually mount /dev/sda2.

Seems very strange. Why would boot.mount say it's loading /boot partition if it's clearly not?

I'm on Ubuntu 20.10 trying to do some routing config for my virtual network, and I'm confused about the interactions between the 3 main types of firewall technology used in modern Linux distros, namely:

• iptables
• nft netfilter
• bpf berkeley packet filter

Can someone please answer the following:

• How do I check to see which ones are installed?
• Can all 3 of these firewalls peacefully co-exist on one client? If not, how can I safely uninstall one or another?
• What layers of translation are included? e.g. if I have an iptables executable on Ubuntu 20.10, is that actually iptables the firewall, or an interface for netfilter api?
• Is there a program for bpf api that is meant for conventional firewall tasks? (I've seen plenty of tracing programs, but nothing intended for firewall)

Also, to complicate things, I compiled my own 5.10.11 kernel based on 5.8.0-40-generic .config file with all netfilter rules enabled. Could this potentially create any roadblocks for me going forward?

Because most modules are compiled in-kernel lsmod does not give a typical output, but I'll post it anyway. I can post .config if that would help.

Here's my current lsmod as it relates to netfilter:

# lsmod | egrep 'net|filter|table|nft|ipt|bpf'

vmnet                  53248  13
ipt_REJECT             16384  0
nft_compat             20480  0
dell_wmi_descriptor    20480  2 dell_wmi,dell_smbios
ip_tables              28672  0
x_tables               45056  10 xt_conntrack,xt_cgroup,nft_compat,xt_multiport,xt_tcpudp,xt_owner,ipt_REJECT,ip_tables,xt_MASQUERADE,xt_mark

Here's my current ip forwarding rules:

# sysctl -a | grep forward | grep '= 1'

sysctl: reading key "kernel.spl.hostid"
net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.eno1.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.ovs-netdev.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.ovsdpdkbr0.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.tunl0.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.virbr0.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.virbr0-nic.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.vmnet1.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.vmnet8.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.vnet0.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.vnet1.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.vnet2.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.vnet3.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.vnet4.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.wlp110s0.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward_update_priority = 1

I noticed this message in dmesg and thought it might be instructive:

nf_conntrack: default automatic helper assignment has been turned off for security reasons and CT-based  firewall rule not found. Use the iptables CT target to attach helpers instead.

Why does altering ldap_id_mapping present different group memberships on the same AD user?

I was hoping to have my UID/GID be the same as AD with IDMU: SSSD with AD: use UID/GID specified on domain server instead of something random?

I have achieved this by setting /etc/sssd/sssd.conf ldap_id_mapping = False, but now some of my AD groups are 'missing'.

The previous AD user with ldap_id_mapping = True reflected all the AD groups of which the user is a member, while the ldap_id_mapping = False user does not.

e.g:

% sssd --version
2.3.1

% cat /etc/sssd/sssd.conf | grep id_mapping

ldap_id_mapping = True

% su [email protected]                                        
Password: 
[email protected]@myhostname:~/$ id

uid=397401108([email protected])
gid=397400512(domain [email protected])
groups=397400512(domain [email protected]),
397400513(domain [email protected]),
397400518(schema [email protected]),
397400519(enterprise [email protected]),
397400572(denied rodc password replication [email protected]),
397401109([email protected]),
397401112(vcsa [email protected]),
397404603([email protected]),
397407607([email protected])

% exit

Above, you can see there are several AD-specific groups represented

% su -

# sed -i 's/ldap_id_mapping = True/ldap_id_mapping = False/g' /etc/sssd/sssd.conf 

# cat /etc/sssd/sssd.conf | grep id_mapping

ldap_id_mapping = False

# exit

% su [email protected]                                        
Password: 
[email protected]@myhostname:~/$ id

uid=10000(auser)
gid=10001(administrators)
groups=10001(administrators),
3109([email protected]),
10000(domain [email protected])

Now you can see the AD-specific groups are not represented on the SSSD client.

Anyone have an idea why all these groups are not present on my domain user after changing this setting? Aren't all existing AD groups and users mapped to an ldap equivalent?

Is it because the groups presented when ldap_id_mapping = True are not being mapped with ldap_id_mapping = False?

How can I ensure these groups are not 'missing' on SSSD clients when ldap_id_mapping = False?

I have an AD environment with IDMU and specified UID/GID for my domain users. SSSD-connected domain user does not share the same UID/GID on Ubuntu as AD.

Here's the default unedited sssd.conf in Ubuntu 20.10:

% sssd --version
2.3.1

# cat /etc/sssd/sssd.conf 

[sssd]
domains = webtool.space
config_file_version = 2

[domain/webtool.space]
default_shell = /bin/bash
krb5_store_password_if_offline = True
cache_credentials = True
krb5_realm = MYDOMAIN.SPACE
realmd_tags = manages-system joined-with-adcli 
id_provider = ad
fallback_homedir = /home/%u@%d
ad_domain = mydomain.space
use_fully_qualified_names = True
ldap_id_mapping = True
access_provider = ad

If username Auser has a UID of 10001 and a GID of 10001 I would expect that these numbers would persist across other platforms, correct?

But SSSD seems to allocate arbitrary UID/GID with no correspondence with AD numbers. Here's a real-world example:

% su [email protected]                                        
Password: 
[email protected]@myhostname:~/$ id

uid=397401108([email protected])
gid=397400512(domain [email protected])
groups=397400512(domain [email protected]),
397400513(domain [email protected]),
397400518(schema [email protected]),
397400519(enterprise [email protected]),
397400572(denied rodc password replication [email protected]),
397401109([email protected]),
397401112(vcsa [email protected]),
397404603([email protected]),
397407607([email protected])

Is there any way to prevent this behavior? I would like my UID/GID to correspond with the values assigned on the domain controllers.

Update:

Thanks to stellar first answer, all that was required to make mapping 1-1 was stop SSSD service, delete the cache, change ldap_id_mapping from True to False.

Now the UID/GID are the same as AD:

% id
uid=10000(auser) gid=10001(administrators) groups=10001(administrators),3109([email protected]),10000(domain [email protected])

Now to figure out why I am missing some of the groups my user belongs to...

I have several Pin-Priority files set in /etc/apt/preferences.d/ but their settings do not reflect in apt-cache policy

Example:

avery@ChubbyChipmunk:/etc/apt/preferences.d$ ls -la

total 23
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  7 Oct 22 08:25 .
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 11 Oct 22 08:13 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 61 Oct 22 08:19 all-i386
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Oct 22 08:20 groovy-proposed
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 59 Oct 22 08:19 origin-pop-os
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 62 Oct 22 08:20 origin-ppa
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 66 Oct 22 08:25 origin-ppa-launchpad-net-system76-pop-ubuntu

avery@ChubbyChipmunk:/etc/apt/preferences.d$ cat *

Package: *
  Pin: release o=Ubuntu,b=i386
  Pin-Priority: 50
Package: *
  Pin: release o=Ubuntu,a=groovy-proposed
  Pin-Priority: 50
Package: *
  Pin: origin apt.pop-os.org
  Pin-Priority: 50
Package: *
  Pin: origin ppa.launchpad.net
  Pin-Priority: 50
Package: *
  Pin: release o=LP-PPA-system76-pop
  Pin-Priority: 1

avery@ChubbyChipmunk:/etc/apt/preferences.d$ sudo apt update

Hit:1 http://apt.pop-os.org/proprietary groovy InRelease
Hit:2 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease                   
Hit:3 https://download.mono-project.com/repo/ubuntu stable-focal InRelease     
Hit:4 http://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/18.04/mssql-server-2019 bionic InRelease
Hit:5 http://ppa.launchpad.net/linuxuprising/shutter/ubuntu groovy InRelease   
Hit:6 https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/xUbuntu_20.04  InRelease
Hit:7 http://ppa.launchpad.net/system76/pop/ubuntu groovy InRelease            
Hit:8 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/y-ppa-manager/ubuntu focal InRelease
Get:9 http://ppa.launchpad.net/system76/pop/ubuntu groovy/main amd64 Packages [44.4 kB]
Get:10 http://ppa.launchpad.net/system76/pop/ubuntu groovy/main Translation-en [18.1 kB]
Hit:11 http://mirrors.vcea.wsu.edu/ubuntu groovy InRelease   
Hit:12 http://mirrors.vcea.wsu.edu/ubuntu groovy-updates InRelease             
Hit:13 http://mirrors.vcea.wsu.edu/ubuntu groovy-backports InRelease           
Get:14 http://mirrors.vcea.wsu.edu/ubuntu groovy-security InRelease [88.4 kB]  
Hit:15 http://mirrors.vcea.wsu.edu/ubuntu groovy-proposed InRelease            
Hit:17 https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/18.04/prod bionic InRelease       
Hit:18 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu groovy InRelease                    
Hit:16 https://packagecloud.io/slacktechnologies/slack/debian jessie InRelease 
Fetched 151 kB in 6s (26.2 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
26 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.

avery@ChubbyChipmunk:/etc/apt/preferences.d$ apt-cache policy

Package files:
 100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     release a=now
 500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/y-ppa-manager/ubuntu focal/main amd64 Packages
     release v=20.04,o=LP-PPA-webupd8team-y-ppa-manager,a=focal,n=focal,l=Y PPA Manager,c=main,b=amd64
     origin ppa.launchpad.net
 500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/system76/pop/ubuntu groovy/main amd64 Packages
     release v=20.10,o=LP-PPA-system76-pop,a=groovy,n=groovy,l=Pop!_OS PPA,c=main,b=amd64
     origin ppa.launchpad.net
 500 https://packagecloud.io/slacktechnologies/slack/debian jessie/main amd64 Packages
     release v=1,o=packagecloud.io/slacktechnologies/slack,a=jessie,n=jessie,l=slack,c=main,b=amd64
     origin packagecloud.io
 500 http://apt.pop-os.org/proprietary groovy/main amd64 Packages
     release v=20.10,o=system76,a=groovy,n=groovy,l=System76,c=main,b=amd64
     origin apt.pop-os.org
 500 https://download.mono-project.com/repo/ubuntu stable-focal/main amd64 Packages
     release v=20.04,o=XamarinFocal,a=stable-focal,n=focal,l=Xamarin-Stable-Focal,c=main,b=amd64
     origin download.mono-project.com
 500 https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/18.04/prod bionic/main amd64 Packages
     release o=microsoft-ubuntu-bionic-prod bionic,a=bionic,n=bionic,l=microsoft-ubuntu-bionic-prod bionic,c=main,b=amd64
     origin packages.microsoft.com
 500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/linuxuprising/shutter/ubuntu groovy/main amd64 Packages
     release v=20.10,o=LP-PPA-linuxuprising-shutter,a=groovy,n=groovy,l=Shutter screenshot tool and dependencies,c=main,b=amd64
     origin ppa.launchpad.net
 500 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable/main amd64 Packages
     release v=1.0,o=Google LLC,a=stable,n=stable,l=Google,c=main,b=amd64
     origin dl.google.com
 500 https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/kubic:/libcontainers:/stable/xUbuntu_20.04  Packages
     release o=obs://build.opensuse.org/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable/xUbuntu_20.04,n=xUbuntu_20.04,l=devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable,c=
     origin download.opensuse.org
 500 http://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/18.04/mssql-server-2019 bionic/main amd64 Packages
     release o=mssql-server-2019-bionic bionic,a=bionic,n=bionic,l=mssql-server-2019-bionic bionic,c=main,b=amd64
     origin packages.microsoft.com
 500 http://mirrors.vcea.wsu.edu/ubuntu groovy-proposed/main i386 Packages
     release v=20.10,o=Ubuntu,a=groovy-proposed,n=groovy,l=Ubuntu,c=main,b=i386
     origin mirrors.vcea.wsu.edu
 500 http://mirrors.vcea.wsu.edu/ubuntu groovy-proposed/main amd64 Packages
     release v=20.10,o=Ubuntu,a=groovy-proposed,n=groovy,l=Ubuntu,c=main,b=amd64
     origin mirrors.vcea.wsu.edu
 500 http://mirrors.vcea.wsu.edu/ubuntu groovy-proposed/multiverse i386 Packages
     release v=20.10,o=Ubuntu,a=groovy-proposed,n=groovy,l=Ubuntu,c=multiverse,b=i386
     origin mirrors.vcea.wsu.edu
 500 http://mirrors.vcea.wsu.edu/ubuntu groovy-proposed/multiverse amd64 Packages
     release v=20.10,o=Ubuntu,a=groovy-proposed,n=groovy,l=Ubuntu,c=multiverse,b=amd64
     origin mirrors.vcea.wsu.edu
 500 http://mirrors.vcea.wsu.edu/ubuntu groovy-proposed/restricted i386 Packages
     release v=20.10,o=Ubuntu,a=groovy-proposed,n=groovy,l=Ubuntu,c=restricted,b=i386
     origin mirrors.vcea.wsu.edu
 500 http://mirrors.vcea.wsu.edu/ubuntu groovy-proposed/restricted amd64 Packages
     release v=20.10,o=Ubuntu,a=groovy-proposed,n=groovy,l=Ubuntu,c=restricted,b=amd64
     origin mirrors.vcea.wsu.edu
 500 http://mirrors.vcea.wsu.edu/ubuntu groovy-proposed/universe i386 Packages
     release v=20.10,o=Ubuntu,a=groovy-proposed,n=groovy,l=Ubuntu,c=universe,b=i386
     origin mirrors.vcea.wsu.edu
 500 http://mirrors.vcea.wsu.edu/ubuntu groovy-proposed/universe amd64 Packages
     release v=20.10,o=Ubuntu,a=groovy-proposed,n=groovy,l=Ubuntu,c=universe,b=amd64
     origin mirrors.vcea.wsu.edu
 500 http://mirrors.vcea.wsu.edu/ubuntu groovy-security/universe i386 Packages
     release v=20.10,o=Ubuntu,a=groovy-security,n=groovy,l=Ubuntu,c=universe,b=i386
     origin mirrors.vcea.wsu.edu
 500 http://mirrors.vcea.wsu.edu/ubuntu groovy-security/universe amd64 Packages
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Pinned packages:

I've been able to get Pin-Priority to work before, I have no idea what's going on. I've already spent two hours trying to figure it out, I'm just going to have to comment out the repos in the .list files.

I think I'm going to file a bug report in launchpad.

Any ideas?

I'm trying to migrate to a new laptop, and I placed my nvme ssd with Ubuntu 20.04 in the new laptop, but now it's not seeing my rpool for some reason. I'm really not sure why (it's on the same nvme ssd).

Here's the error message:

Any ideas?

I have a Thinkpad T460s with Kubuntu 20.04, and I use a Nacodex K680T keyboard that shares the number row with the function keys, F[1-12].

The function keys are selected by hitting a 'func' key in the bottom right of the keyboard.

Unfortunately I can't use the F[1-12] keys because every time I hit 'func' and a key in the number row, it engages laptop hotkeys: media keys, brightness, volume, etc.

Does anyone know how to turn off the hotkeys? I need my F[1-12] more than I need to control my brightness.

Update: I have more information - I've installed screenkey and I see that the func+num row is triggering XF86KbdBrightnessDown etc. Hopefully that information will be useful for someone who can tell me how to get rid of this problem.

I tried to create an ESXi boot USB from KVM and I couldn't hit F11 to get through the prompts, even inside the VM. So it's beyond refreshing a web page or entering Chrome dev tools with a single key at this point. This is creating a major usability issue for me.

I'm going to try checking the BIOS to see if the keys have been redirected, since the internal keyboard isn't registering F[1-12] either - so that leads me to believe it's a BIOS setting that got flipped somehow (don't remember doing it, but you never know...)

Oh, and I've tried combinations of [left/right] ctrl-func, alt-func, shift--func, shift-[alt/ctrl]-func - none of them do anything to help.

left ctrl-func locks the function keys on the K680T but they don't behave any differently (besides eliminating the number row without a func keypress).

I'm trying to put together a firewall/router using netinstall of Ubuntu 18.10 with bpfilter. I know it's packaged by default with kernel >=4.18 these days, but I'm a little confused about how to specify it rather than netfilter.

Does anybody know?

For starters:

root@ubuntu1810:/home/localuser# uname -r
4.18.0-12-generic

And also :

root@ubuntu1810:/home/localuser# dmesg | grep bpfilter
[  969.576326] bpfilter: Loaded bpfilter_umh pid 14099

Also just noticed this:

# lsmod | grep bp
bpfilter               16384  0

So that's good, but when I search for netfilter I get a lot of /proc sources

root@ubuntu1810:/home/localuser# find / -name netfilter
/usr/include/linux/netfilter
/usr/src/linux-headers-4.18.0-12/include/linux/netfilter
/usr/src/linux-headers-4.18.0-12/include/net/netfilter
/usr/src/linux-headers-4.18.0-12/include/uapi/linux/netfilter
/usr/src/linux-headers-4.18.0-12/net/ipv6/netfilter
/usr/src/linux-headers-4.18.0-12/net/bridge/netfilter
/usr/src/linux-headers-4.18.0-12/net/ipv4/netfilter
/usr/src/linux-headers-4.18.0-12/net/netfilter
/usr/src/linux-headers-4.18.0-12/net/decnet/netfilter
/usr/src/linux-headers-4.18.0-12-generic/include/config/netfilter
/proc/sys/net/netfilter
/proc/1/task/1/net/netfilter
/proc/1/net/netfilter
/proc/2/task/2/net/netfilter
/proc/2/net/netfilter
/proc/3/task/3/net/netfilter
/proc/3/net/netfilter
/proc/14462/task/14462/net/netfilter
/proc/14462/net/netfilter
/lib/modules/4.18.0-12-generic/kernel/net/ipv6/netfilter
/lib/modules/4.18.0-12-generic/kernel/net/bridge/netfilter
/lib/modules/4.18.0-12-generic/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter
/lib/modules/4.18.0-12-generic/kernel/net/netfilter
/lib/modules/4.18.0-12-generic/kernel/net/decnet/netfilter

but then also I can find: (although no /proc)

root@ubuntu1810:/home/localuser# find / -name bpfilter
/sys/module/bpfilter
/usr/src/linux-headers-4.18.0-12/net/ipv4/bpfilter
/usr/src/linux-headers-4.18.0-12/net/bpfilter
/usr/src/linux-headers-4.18.0-12-generic/include/config/bpfilter
/lib/modules/4.18.0-12-generic/kernel/net/bpfilter

And also, if I run iptables rules these should control whatever firewall is running, correct? I'm setting up csf with webmin.

Can anybody clear this up for me please? Thanks!

I adapted a ZoL guide for putting Ubuntu Server 14.04 on ZFS root for 18.04 Bionic Beaver and desktop installations: http://vlog.averyfreeman.com/doku.php/ubuntu.18.04.desktop.on.zfs

I'm trying to make sure I have all of the information correct, I've run into a couple issues I'm not sure how to answer:

Does ZFS support in Ubuntu for generic kernels require the zfs-dkms package, or is just zfs-initramfs enough? (Do generic kernels in Ubuntu have kABI extensions?)

If anyone actually follows it, I'd like them to have a bootable system after a kernel upgrade! :)

Also, is there a way to prevent having to invoke # zfs import -f rpool and reboot after boot of updated kernel?

Trying to install Ubuntu 16.10 on an Apollo lake motherboard (Asrock j3455b-itx). Can't get it to boot. Have tried several distorts to no avail- black screen with an unblinking cursor.

I read somewhere that j3455 requires kernel 4.7 or greater so I thought Ubuntu 16.10 (with kernel 4.8) would work, but it's doing the same thing as all the others.

Has anyone had any experience with this that can help me?

Thanks, Avery

Edit: USB drives were created using Rufus 2.11 on Windows 10. Manjaro 17 alpha 2 worked, and also Manjaro 16.10.3 respun with 4.8 kernel (for those not familiar, it's an Arch derivative).

Solution: The first answer worked for me - in the BIOS, going to BOOT --> CSM and changing USB to Legacy Support. Please give him a vote if you see this.

Please note: This motherboard still requires a 4.7 or greater kernel to operate correctly. The solution mentioned just adds compatibility required for many distros to boot.

To solve the kernel issue, one can either use a distro that uses a 4.7+ kernel, or create a custom ISO. I created a custom live USB of Mint 18.1 with 4.9 kernel by following this guide: https://community.linuxmint.com/tutorial/view/1784

I created a cron job by invoking:

# crontab -e

but I can't find the file with my edits.

Here's the /etc/crontab file:

# m h dom mon dow user  command

117 *    * * *   root    cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly1

25 6    * * *   root    test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --repo$
47 6    * * 7   root    test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --repo$

52 6    1 * *   root    test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --repo$

crontab -e shows

*/2 * * * * /home/avery/Dropbox/Scripts/lftp_download.sh

Anybody know which file my edits might be? I've looked at most the cron-related files in /etc but I can't find the one that's loaded when I type crontab -e.

Also, is there a log file in Ubuntu for cron?

Thanks in advance, Avery