Ahmad's questions

my question is similar to this:

How to use Internet connection of a remote server in the local machine?

However I found no useful answer. I have access to a remote server via a VPN connection. In the server I can access to internet. The server is Ubuntu 16 and I am in sudoers and can install required tools. I want to have access to internet via this server. One benefit is that the server is inside my country and the data transfer between them is cheaper...

Anyway, if it's possible, please guide me what should I do in my local machine and remote server

This is what I tried:

sudo sshpass -p xxxx ssh -N -f -L localhost:8001:localhost:80 [email protected]

It runs with no error, but when I browse localhost:8001, it gives connection error Unable to connect...

my question similar to: How to write an init script that will execute an existing start script?

However, that question is outdated and I like to know how I can do that in Ubuntu 20.04

This my try in init.d directory:

#! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          myrec
# Required-Start:    $all
# Required-Stop:
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:
# Short-Description: your description here
### END INIT INFO

PATH=/home/ahmad/recordings
DESC="Recording audio output"
NAME=myrec
DAEMON=/home/ahmad/recordings/myrec.sh
PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME

• I would like to run it after all processes executed, so should I use a systemd service or the above is okay?

• Should I add other code to above or it runs my sh (myrec.sh) file?

In general What is a hello world for executing a simple bash (so that I can see the result) for ubuntu 20.04? Every thing I found in the web is outdated

I try to create a service that runs in background and record the output of speaker whenever it starts to speak and stops when it stops.

I created the following bash for this purpose and it works as expected.

echo "Monitoring sound card for recordings"
name="record"
name=~/recordings/$name
while true 
do
        echo "Monitoring speaker sound "
        now="$(date +'%m-%d-%H-%M-%S')"
        parec -d alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo.monitor | sox -v 5 -t raw -b 16 -e signed -c 2 -r 44100 - "$name"-"$now".ogg silence 1 0.1 3% 1 3.0 3%

        #test $? -eq 0 && break;
        echo "$name-$now was recorded"
done

To make it a service I created myrec in /etc/init.d/ as follows:

#! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          myrec
# Required-Start:    $all
# Required-Stop:
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:
# Short-Description: your description here
### END INIT INFO

PATH=/home/ahmad/recordings
DESC="Recording audio output"
NAME=myrec
DAEMON=/home/ahmad/recordings/myrec.sh
DAEMON_ARGS="s read"
PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME

After rebooting I expected it to run automatically, when I checked its status via sudo service myrec status, it shows:

● myrec.service - LSB: your description here
     Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/myrec; generated)
     Active: inactive (dead)
       Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)

So I started it by sudo service myrec start and now the status is:

● myrec.service - LSB: your description here
     Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/myrec; generated)
     Active: active (exited) since Wed 2020-07-22 15:23:24 +0430; 4s ago
       Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
    Process: 3714 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/myrec start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

جولای 22 15:23:24 app systemd[1]: Starting LSB: your description here...
جولای 22 15:23:24 app systemd[1]: Started LSB: your description here.

I don't know if it's running or not but when I play and stop somethings, it doesn't record anything in the specified folder.

Could you guide me what is wrong? By the way if there is a tool with the same functionality you may introduce that to me...

Update:

Please note that recording service requires pulseaudio service to be run and if it's not a system-wide service, it isn't run at start and can cause the problem above

I would like to run a command to be executed in background monitoring the output to the speaker and record what's played.

I used the following command:

parec -d alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo.monitor | sox -t raw -b 16 -e signed -c 2 -r 44100 - test.ogg silence 1 0.1 3% 1 3.0 3%

It works, but it is running in forground listening to the device... I tried use tmux but it didn't record the sound.... any solution?

I prefer a command line as a startup service to listen to the speaker output as long as it's not stopped, however later I found pulseaudio as a required service isn't run as a wide-system service and making it wide-system causes some problems in sound system....

Now this question isn't my priority but if one knows a solution can offer.

I run the following command to capture the output of audio into a file:

$ sox -t pulseaudio alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo.monitor -t mp3 test.mp3 silence 1 0.1 3% 1 3.0 3% > /dev/null

Input File     : 'alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo.monitor' (pulseaudio)
Channels       : 2
Sample Rate    : 48000
Precision      : 16-bit
Sample Encoding: 16-bit Signed Integer PCM

In:0.00% 00:00:18.09 [00:00:00.00] Out:0     [      |      ]        Clip:0    ^C[C

As you see, while I tried to send the output to null, it stills show messages about the progress and status of recording!

I want it to record in background without showing these messages so that I can have the terminal prompts....

I checked sox for a log file but didn't find

I want to record the output of Google Text to speech to a mp3 file. I need a command that I can use in Terminal. I read sox can record audio, however don't know how to set up it to record the output audio of my computer. I also prefer to automatically stop recording if the audio output was silent for at least 3 seconds... Any other tool for this purpose is acceptable.

I have a SSD, allocated 100G for Ubuntu and 150 G for Windows 10, then I decided to increase the volume of Ubuntu. In Windows, using EaseUS, I freed 50G, then in Ubuntu I ran fdisk. It showed up 50G as a free disk. Then I hit Resize and it offered 150G as I guess calculated based on my free disk. I said yes and then selected Write and then rebooted the system.

fdisk -l /dev/sda shows:

Disk /dev/sda: 238.49 GiB, 256060514304 bytes, 500118192 sectors
Disk model: ADATA SX900     
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x6ef3495a

Device     Boot     Start       End   Sectors   Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *         2048    718847    716800   350M  7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda2          718848 295313090 294594243 140.5G  7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda3       295313408 296364031   1050624   513M  b W95 FAT32
/dev/sda4       296366078 500117503 203751426  97.2G  f W95 Ext'd (LBA)
/dev/sda5       296366080 500117503 203751424  97.2G 83 Linux

So far, so good. However I'm not sure if the changes has applied because when I tried to check free disk using System Monitor it shows 100G and 97% used:

So, did I increase the volume? How do I apply changes made by fdisk?

I have two large pkl files. I'm not interested in knowing the comparisons of the contents of two files (as we do for text files with diff, meld or vimdiff). I suspect that they are the same. Their size is equal. But if I want to get certain that they are the same, is there any comparison utility that outputs if they are the same or not?

On an Ubuntu server (16.04) I have the following mounted drives (df -h):

I had a big file in my home directory and I ran the following command:

sudo mv Miras.txt /dev/sda3

It took time and apperently moved the files

However when I ran cd /dev/sda3, it says:

-bash: cd: /dev/sda3: Not a directory

I noticed its mounted as /drive2, but then again there is not my file on /drive2 either.

Where was my filed moved, and how can I access it?

I'm trying to trasfer a file over ssh. The file is 78M and I connected to the server via VPN. I ran the following command to transfer the file:

sshpass -p "xxx" rsync -avz --progress -e ssh -c "x.zip"  [email protected]:/home/xxx/

At the first seconds the rate is about 2.5M/s and 25% of the file is copied but fastly it drops to about 100K/s and continues uploading...

I want to know if that's the normal behavior or something is wrong? Is it possible to transfer file in Megabytes per seconds?

I also tried with scp. It doesn't show the speed, but it seems the speed is about the same...

I even got binaries of a patch for ssh named ssh hpn and replaced usr\bin\ssh with them, but the result is the same...

I want to transfer files via ssh, but it's slow. I've read hpn ssh can speed up ssh. However, I don't know how to install it on Ubuntu 20.04. I just find nothing about this subject on the internet!!!!

Please guide me

In ubuntu 20.04 I try to copy a block of Google Colabratory opened in Chrome:

This was copied from Firefox, which is the complete text:

import fastai
from fastai.core import PathOrStr
from fastai.text.data import ListRules, get_default_size, quotemark, full_char_coverage_langs
from typing import Collection

def train_sentencepiece(texts:Collection[str], path:PathOrStr, pre_rules: ListRules=None, post_rules:ListRules=None,
    vocab_sz:int=None, max_vocab_sz:int=30000, model_type:str='unigram', max_sentence_len:int=20480, lang='en',
    char_coverage=None, tmp_dir='tmp', enc='utf8'):
    "Train a sentencepiece tokenizer on `texts` and save it in `path/tmp_dir`"
    from sentencepiece import SentencePieceTrainer
    cache_dir = Path(path)/tmp_dir
    cache_dir = Path("data/wiki/fa-2/models/fsp15k")
    quotemark = ''
    print("It's me:", cache_dir)
    os.makedirs(cache_dir, exist_ok=True)
    if vocab_sz is None: vocab_sz=get_default_size(texts, max_vocab_sz)
    raw_text_path = cache_dir / 'all_text.out'
    with open(raw_text_path, 'w', encoding=enc) as f: f.write("\n".join(texts))
    spec_tokens = ['\u2581'+s for s in defaults.text_spec_tok]
    SentencePieceTrainer.Train(" ".join([
        f"--input={quotemark}{raw_text_path}{quotemark} --max_sentence_length={max_sentence_len}",
        f"--character_coverage={ifnone(char_coverage, 0.99999 if lang in full_char_coverage_langs else 0.9998)}",
        f"--unk_id={len(defaults.text_spec_tok)} --pad_id=-1 --bos_id=-1 --eos_id=-1",
        f"--user_defined_symbols={','.join(spec_tokens)}",
        f"--model_prefix={cache_dir/'spm'} --hard_vocab_limit=false --vocab_size={vocab_sz} --model_type={model_type}"]))
    raw_text_path.unlink()
    return cache_dir
        
fastai.text.data.train_sentencepiece = train_sentencepiece

It's copied from Chrome:

import fastai
from fastai.core import PathOrStr
from fastai.text.data import ListRules, get_default_size, quotemark, full_char_coverage_langs
from typing import Collection

def train_sentencepiece(texts:Collection[str], path:PathOrStr, pre_rules: ListRules=None, post_rules:ListRules=None,
    vocab_sz:int=None, max_vocab_sz:int=30000, model_type:str='unigram', max_sentence_len:int=20480, lang='en',
    char_coverage=None, tmp_dir='tmp', enc='utf8'):
    "Train a sentencepiece tokenizer on `texts…",
        f"--character_coverage={ifnone(char_coverage, 0.99999 if lang in full_char_coverage_langs else 0.9998)}",
        f"--unk_id={len(defaults.text_spec_tok)} --pad_id=-1 --bos_id=-1 --eos_id=-1",
        f"--user_defined_symbols={','.join(spec_tokens)}",
        f"--model_prefix={cache_dir/'spm'} --hard_vocab_limit=false --vocab_size={vocab_sz} --model_type={model_type}"]))
    raw_text_path.unlink()
    return cache_dir
        
fastai.text.data.train_sentencepiece = train_sentencepiece

As you see, when I copy the block from Chrome and then paste it here, parts of the text is absent!!

I want to install an Nvidia toolkit on a remote server. It seems I should stop X server using sudo service lightdm stop. I don't know enough about this command, I'm afraid that I lose the connection to the remote server and then I can't start it again or anything else. Is it safe to run this command on an ssh client?

I try to run SSTP VPN on Ubuntu 20.04. It first connects to the VPN server. To do so I must enable CHAP and PAP authentication methods. However, after some minutes it turns off (I can see via GUI), and when I check the options, the CHAP and PAP are disabled.

This is the syslog which could be related to the problem:

Jun 12 22:32:30 app systemd-resolved[917]: Server returned error NXDOMAIN, mitigating potential DNS violation DVE-2018-0001, retrying transaction with reduced feature level UDP.
Jun 12 22:32:30 app systemd-resolved[917]: Server returned error NXDOMAIN, mitigating potential DNS violation DVE-2018-0001, retrying transaction with reduced feature level UDP.

I don't know what causes this problem. Could you guide me what's happening?

I have Ubuntu 19.04. I want to change the shortcut key for Switch to next input source to Alt+Shift. I go to the Keyboard section in Settings and find the entry (under Typing). When I click on it a dialog appears, and says "Enter new shortcut..." with a keyboard picture under it. However, when I hit Alt+Shift it is dumbly not responding.

The current shortcut is in gray color as I thought it's disabled and I don't have the privilege to change it. Accidentally, I hit Alt+PrintScreen and it responded that it is assigned to another command, but for Alt+Shift it even doesn't guide me what the problem is. How can I solve this?

based on this How to add a shell script to launcher as shortcut I moved a .desktop file to the .local\share\applications. Anyway, in the rest it tells that I must drag and drop it to the launcher. But it doesn't respond or open a new location in the launcher so I put it there. It just doesn't work

I downloaded an installer from here and run eclipse-inst. It showed a dialog to select an IDE to install, I selected Java and installed it in /root/java, then it showed me a button to launch it... I launched it and it opened the IDE, but when I closed the IDE, I couldn't find it anywhere in my computer using search. I also hadn't access to /root/

How can I uninstall it?

How could I install such programs correctly? Did I make a mistake?

I installed Ubuntu 16.04 on VMWare 12.1, I have a Lenovo Thinkpad. The toucpad two finger scrolling in Windows is smooth and it accelerates when I move my fingers, it is also good when I use in an standard installation of ubuntu beside Windows, but in WMWare scrolling is slow. for example in firefox, it seems you must pull the scroll bar slowly and it stops as you leave your fingers (it doesn't accelerate)

Update: in mouse settings in Ubuntu under VMware there is no touchpad section.

Should I install some drivers for linux under VMware, or I must install driver for VMware or maybe VMWare itself send touch pad messages to the linux? because touchpad works but is slow.

When I try to use sudo apt-get install php5-mcrypt to install php5-mcrypt, I receive the following error. I used sudo apt-get install lamp-server^ to install the php5

ahmad@ubuntu:/var/www/html$ sudo apt-get install php5-mcrypt
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Package php5-mcrypt is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source

E: Package 'php5-mcrypt' has no installation candidate

I am new to linux and ubuntu... I am trying to run a program which is old (2001), in the MakeFile it says the javac is jdk1.2 (or 1.3), however I already isntalled javac 9-internal.

Can I yet install a javac of jdk1.2 beside this java to make the program? In general what is the solution to run such older projects?