I can edit my movie in some video editor and perfectly match audio with video, but in that case I would have to re-encode the entire video which would be time consuming. Code like:
ffmpeg -i my_movie.mp4 -c:v copy -c:a aac -af "audio_filter_help_me_guys" fixed_movie.mp4
would save my time. Or I just have to use video editor such as Kdenlive?
I'm trying to get something like: IBBBPBBBPBBBIBBBPBBBPBBBI...
In example below, this video is of M=4,N=12 type, i.e distance between two I-frames is 12 and there are the most 3 adjacent B-frames. Since "ffmpeg -i >input<" and "mediainfo >input<" sometimes don't show this information, I'm wondering is there some alternative?
ls -R /home/username/some/path
is the same as
ls - R /home///username/////////////some////path
Is there explanation for such interpretation of '/' character in bash?
I can't see implementation of ls program, but I can see my implementation of it:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <string.h>
/* This program recursively prints files from given path. Should
be equivalent to ls -R /given/path call from shell, except we
don't concatenate '@' character at the end of symbolic link name,
'/' if directory entry is directory, we don't sort output etc.. */
static void error_fatal (char *message);
static void traverse (char *filename);
int
main (int argc, char **argv)
{
assert (argc == 2);
traverse (argv[1]);
exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
static void
traverse (char *filename)
{
struct stat stats;
DIR *dir;
struct dirent *entry;
if (lstat (filename, &stats) < 0)
error_fatal ("lstat");
if (S_ISDIR (stats.st_mode))
{
printf ("\n%s:\n", filename);
if ((dir = opendir (filename)) == NULL)
error_fatal ("opendir");
if (chdir (filename) < 0)
error_fatal ("chdir");
// In the first pass, we print all directory entries.
while ((entry = readdir (dir)) != NULL)
{
if (!strcmp (entry->d_name, ".") || !strcmp (entry->d_name,
".."))
continue;
printf ("%s\t", entry->d_name);
}
putchar ('\n');
rewinddir (dir);
// In the second pass, we examine if entry is directory, and if so, recursively call traverse() function.
while ((entry = readdir (dir)) != NULL)
{
if (!strcmp (entry->d_name, ".") || !strcmp (entry->d_name, ".."))
continue;
if (lstat (entry->d_name, &stats) < 0)
error_fatal ("lstat");
if (S_ISDIR (stats.st_mode))
{
char *a;
int size =
sizeof (char) * (2 + strlen (filename) +
strlen (entry->d_name));
a = (char *) malloc (size);
if (a == NULL)
error_fatal ("malloc");
if (getcwd (a, size) == NULL)
error_fatal ("getcwd");
strcat (a, "/");
strcat (a, entry->d_name);
traverse (a);
free (a);
}
}
if (chdir ("..") < 0)
error_fatal ("chdir");
closedir (dir);
}
}
static void
error_fatal (char *message)
{
perror (message);
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
uname -a gives me:
Linux mk-Inspiron-5570 4.15.0-43-generic #46-Ubuntu SMP Thu Dec 6 14:45:28 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
bash --version gives me:
GNU bash, version 4.4.19(1)-release (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)
Copyright (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software; you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
ls gives me:
10 11 12 12L 13 16 702 702L
etc., and I'd like to create files
10_ 11_ 12_ 12L_ 13_
and so on. But,
$ for f in *; do touch "$f_"; done
gives me:
touch: cannot touch '': No such file or directory
touch: cannot touch '': No such file or directory
touch: cannot touch '': No such file or directory
touch: cannot touch '': No such file or directory
Also,
$ for f in *; do touch $f_; done
gives:
Try 'touch --help' for more information.
touch: missing file operand
Try 'touch --help' for more information.
touch: missing file operand
Try 'touch --help' for more information.
touch: missing file operand
I have over 100 files in this directory and haven't intention to do this without script.
I need to make certain table in LibreOffice Calc but after I changed typing language (Settings -> Region and Language -> Add input source -> Serbian Cyrillic) the behavior is the same as before.
I can't find way to type in Cyrillic even when I change it eighter in the top right corner of my screen or via Super + Space.
In Settings -> Region and Language -> Options I've already tried both options but no progress.
Ubuntu 18 comes with gnome DE by default, but after I installed xfce:
sudo apt-get install xfce4
I found it much slower than gnome. People say it's the most lightweight DE, so apparently something is wrong with my configuration.
My PC specs:
Why I thing xfce is slower than gnome or kde plasma?
Because I monitor cpu temperature and fan speed. After:
watch -n 1 sensors
I can see my cpu temperature is higher than on other DEs and I can hear my fan somethimes works like I'm doing something intensive even if all programs are closed. For instance, when I'm doing nothing, average temperature is about 42C on kde or gnome, but on xfce or xubuntu somethimes it reaches 83 degrees.
Why I don't install xubuntu-desktop instead xfce4?
Actually, I installed both in order to examine different DEs on my machine. Now, when I'm logging in, I can choose between xfce, xubuntu, plasma and gnome.
I have two partitions on my 1TB hard drive. The first one (about 550 GB) has Ubuntu 18.04 installed, and the other one (about 400 GB) has Windows 10.
sudo fdisk -l
gives me:
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1126399 1124352 549M 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda2 1126400 820979711 819853312 391G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda3 820981758 1953523711 1132541954 540G 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 820981760 1937899728 1116917969 532,6G 83 Linux
/dev/sda6 1937901568 1953523711 15622144 7,5G 82 Linux swap / Solaris
So, that means in /dev/sda2 I have my Windows and it is in exFAT format.
Acording to:
https://www.howtogeek.com/235596/whats-the-difference-between-fat32-exfat-and-ntfs/ I have to install additional packages to be able to read files from that (/dev/sda2) partition via Linux.
And, according to https://www.howtogeek.com/235655/how-to-mount-and-use-an-exfat-drive-on-linux/ I would have to install exfat-fuse and exfat-utils in order to access these files from Ubuntu.
dpkg -l | grep fat
returns nothing so that means I haven't these packages installed on my Linux.
The question is: How is it possible I can read files from my Windows partition via Nautilus while I haven't these requested additional packages installed? Also, I don't realize why I can access and read it via Nautilus, but not from Terminal?
ls /dev/sda2
returns
/dev/sda2: Not a directory
Can I empty out Recent folder in Nautilus by typing terminal command, and if yes, do I have to re-log in to my system to see the effect?
I have list of some mp3's:
song 1.mp3
song 2.mp3
.
.
.
song 349.mp3
I can see their bitrate via right mouse button -> Properties -> Audio/Video, but also I can check it using the terminal command
file "song 1.mp3"
I'd like to find out which bitrate from my list is most frequently used, so I thought it would be nicely done via shell i.e. shell script.
I would lose too much time if I typed
file "song 1.mp3"; file "song 2.mp3"; ... ; file "song 349.mp3"
So, my question is :
Can we pass arguments line by line from some text file to shell function? An additional problem is that my song names contain spaces.
How to create a bootable Ubuntu USB flash drive from terminal?
Why do guys here use umount first? I assume USB flash drive should be formatted first, so does umount format the disk, or just detach mounted device so it can be safely removed if another process isn't using it?
I wrote a new text file in /bin named ram which contains:
watch -n 1 free -h
and a file sen:
watch -n 1 sensors
in the same folder, in order to avoid typing
watch blahblahblah...every time.
Also, I changed permissions of these two from
-rw-r--r--
to
-rw-r--r-x
and achieved my goal. It worked even after reopening shell, i.e. then I could type ram instead of watch -n 1 free -h
But, problem was encountered after I tried the same procedure for
cd /home/myname/Downloads/
and new text file saved in /bin and named dow, same with permissions.
This time dow does nothing in terminal, even not showing any message.
I tried saving the same file in /usr/bin, but again terminal does nothing and my working directory doesn't change.
How is this possible?
I am looking for a reliable way to find out the location in the filesystem of the program that runs when I enter a command.
ps -ef gives me list of all currently running processes (-e means every ; -f means full list with relevant parameters).
So, to find the location of the uname program, I tried
grep `uname -n &` `ps -ef`
I'm trying to catch uname -n's process ID (PID) and forward it to grep, which should return the line which contains that PID, so I could see which command is running at the moment.
I know there are commands like tee, pipes... but I haven't succeeded in combining them to achieve my goal.
I suppose there is some shell function which returns stdout of called function, something like:
stdout(some__command)
so I could call:
grep stdout(uname -n &) stdout(ps -ef).
What am I missing here?
I've bought new Dell 5570 i5 8250u 4GB RAM 1TB HDD AMD 530 2GB and it came with Ubuntu pre-installed.
After typing sudo lshw -class display I got:
description: VGA compatible controller
product: Intel Corporation
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 2
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
version: 07
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pciexpress msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=i915_bpo latency=0
resources: irq:280 memory:d1000000-d1ffffff memory:b0000000-bfffffff ioport:f000(size=64)
Also, lspci gives me
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Device 5914 (rev 08)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Device 5917 (rev 07)
00:04.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Skylake Processor Thermal Subsystem (rev 08)
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP USB 3.0 xHCI Controller (rev 21)
00:14.2 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP Thermal subsystem (rev 21)
00:15.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP Serial IO I2C Controller #0 (rev 21)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP CSME HECI #1 (rev 21)
00:17.0 RAID bus controller: Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile SATA Controller [RAID mode] (rev 21)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Device 9d10 (rev f1)
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP PCI Express Root Port #5 (rev f1)
00:1c.5 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP PCI Express Root Port #6 (rev f1)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Device 9d4e (rev 21)
00:1f.2 Memory controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP PMC (rev 21)
00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation Device 9d71 (rev 21)
00:1f.4 SMBus: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP SMBus (rev 21)
01:00.0 Display controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Topaz XT [Radeon R7 M260/M265 / M340/M360 / M440/M445] (rev ff)
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8101/2/6E PCI Express Fast/Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 07)
03:00.0 Network controller: Qualcomm Atheros QCA9377 802.11ac Wireless Network Adapter (rev 31)
I'd like to change default gpu from intel hd 620 to discrete - AMD.
Is it possible?
Every tutorial I watched displayed how to connect two machines via ssh locally. But what if I want remote control via internet?
I know that IP addresses which start with 192.168 are local and invisible to internet users(of corse, 255*255 = about 65k ip adresses wouldn't be enough for millions internet devices on such big network), so I needed to know my public IP and I found it out by typing
curl icanhazip.com
in terminal. Also, I know that port 22 is default for ssh protocol and my firewall, exactly both firewalls on machines are disabled. Both machines use Ubuntu 16.04. On one, which i chosen to be the server, I created .ssh directory in home folder (with permission 700) and file "authorized_users"(with permission 600) inside it. I checked
service sshd status
and restarted it, so it was being active. I (exactly my bro, which is intended to be remote user of my comp i.e. server) generated public and private key by:
ssh-keygen -t dsa
and created id_dsa and id_dsa.pub files on remote machine(not on server). After that, I sent him my public IP(because we want ssh communication via internet, I can't see another network) and he typed:
ssh-copy-id servername@serverPublicIP
But, it did not create anything in my /home/pc/.ssh/authorized_users, and of corse after trying to connect by
ssh servername@serverPublicIP
it didn't succeed.
Is it possible to assign more memory than default(16mb) to DOSBox emulator, which is running from Ubuntu 16.04 lts? I'm not using any VM. I've already tried memsize=200 (200 for example), but nothing happens.
I downloaded 64-bit(it's compatible with my system etc.) Sublime Text from their official website,extracted tar file and opened new folder.There wasn't install file but executable did.I created symbolic link() to /usr/bin by typing following line in terminal:
sudo ln -s [path of original] /usr/bin/stext (here stext is my arbitrary name for link).
Everything works ok(I checked this executable works fine), but after I created desktop shortcut manually(via text editor) and allowed execution by typing:
sudo chmod +x Sublime Text Editor.desktop
I had following problem:
(I also tried this with sudo) ./Subline Text Editor.desktop
it tells me bad interpreter:such file or directory doesn't exists
Now here is what I entered at .desktop file:
#!usr/bin/env xdg-open
[Desktop Entry]
Exec=/usr/bin/stext
Version=1.0
Type=application
Icon=/home/pc/Downloads/sublime_text_3/Icon/256x256/sublime-text.png
Name=Sublime Text Editor
Terminal=false
Categories=Application
Now, maybe I changed order of instructions or what?I assume that problem is (like it says) at the first line: bad interpreter instruction. I know that first line is important to tell program which interpreter should be used, but anyone knows which one is appropriate for this task?
So, I emphasize that editor works, but I wish shortcut on Desktop and to completely figure out how to create it MANUALLY.
Is it possible to enable terminal plugin into Sublime Text editor, similar to Kate?
Is HP 250 G6 compatible with Ubuntu? By default, it comes with Windows 10 and on www.support.hp.com I didn't find any linux drivers for it. I still didn't buy this laptop and it's so important for me to find out this information.
In win7, when I want to restart computer via keyboard until my operating system hasn't been loaded yet, I press Ctrl+Alt+Del.
What is equivalent to this command in Ubuntu?
(Note that I'm not asking for Task manager).
I wish to restart it if, for example, I pressed F10 but BIOS didn't load successfully so I have to reboot it. I really don't like brute way (using physical shutdown button).
One PC is running Windows 7, and another one is running GNU/Linux 16.04. My goal is to transfer 75GB big data from one to the other.I have ethernet cable and I have already tried creating LAN(TCP/IP v4 protocol) on Windows and Linux also with these settings:
PC 1:
IP Adress: 192.168.0.2
Mask: 255.255.255.0
PC 2:
IP Adress: 192.168.0.3 (These IP's are different in one number)
Mask: 255.255.255.0
I plugged cable directly on these two PCs, but from one PC I cannot acces to other. I've checked file sharing in Windows. After typing ping 192.168.0.2 in Terminal, I got: $ ping 192.168.0.2 PING 192.168.0.2 (192.168.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=0.420 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=0.315 ms
So I have 2 questins: 1) How to connect these two and fulfill my task, i.e. transfer such big data without an external hard disc? 2) Are crossover and ordinary LAN cables the same thing?