Niranjan's questions

I am using Ubuntu 16.04. I want to install R (latest version) on it. As the system version is older, it can't find this version from terminal line. I checked it with this command on the terminal line.

sudo apt-get install r-base=3.6.1

Which resulted in -

Version '3.6.1' for 'r-base' was not found

I want to install this version with all it's packages. What is the correct process? Can I get all the package files and installation files to install all of it in one go from my terminal? Please suggest me an appropriate way of achieving this.

I wonder why a sequence of Unicode-characters is not allowed on one key-press in xkb. eg. I use Indian keyboard for typing in Devanagari. This keyboard is based on the inscript keyboard layout. In this layout, there are 4 characters (let's say complex characters) which are not found in the xkb version (Indian). Those characters are composed of three characters and if one wants to type them, he/she is supposed to type all three of them. The characters and there composition is as follows -

1. त्र = त (U0924) + ् (U094D) + र (U0930)
2. श्र = श (U0936) + ् (U094D) + र (U0930)
3. ज्ञ = ज (U091C) + ् (U094D) + ञ (U091E)
4. क्ष = क (U0915) + ् (U094D) + ष (U0937)

In other operating-systems this layout works fine. Why it does not work in Linux? What has to be done to allow this kind of programming?

I am trying to install texlive-full from the terminal. I issued two commands.

sudo apt-get install texlive-full
sudo apt-get update

I also tried -

sudo apt-get upgrade texlive-full

Despite of all of this I've only got 2015 version of texlive (which is very old). Why my terminal is not allowing me to install the latest version of this package? Is there any way to specifically say that install version 2019? I've tried searching for the version number of the 2019 release but couldn't find it. Even the number which I get as the output of tex -version is -

TeX 3.14159265 (TeX Live 2015/Debian)
kpathsea version 6.2.1

How to get the latest version of texlive?

A partition in my system has no reading writing rights, it always needs sudo permission. How to make it regularly accessible without sudo?

This is the output of lsblk -fs -d -p -m -I 3,8,66,67,68 -

NAME      FSTYPE LABEL  UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT NAME       SIZE OWNER GROUP MODE
/dev/sda1 vfat   ESP    2877-2A33                            /boot/efi  /dev/sda1  600M root  disk  brw-rw----
/dev/sda2 vfat   OS     2AC3-1F88                                       /dev/sda2    3G root  disk  brw-rw----
/dev/sda3 ext4   UBUNTU b838e318-4ded-423a-b03e-f41d3613056b /          /dev/sda3 69.9G root  disk  brw-rw----
/dev/sda4 swap          07c2b983-ef39-4d69-84c9-de1f8e649986 [SWAP]     /dev/sda4 14.9G root  disk  brw-rw----
/dev/sda5 ext4          1e8494eb-8d8b-4ce1-9621-c0e625e38361            /dev/sda5 65.2G root  disk  brw-rw----
/dev/sda6 ext4          65899ea6-e053-48dc-9ad8-8fad389eeaca /media/ubu /dev/sda6  778G root  disk  brw-rw----

I tried upgrading xfce desktop with -

sudo apt-get upgrade xfce4

For unknown reasons the process was not completed. After it whenever I tried issuing a sudo apt-get command, it resulted in -

dpkg was interrupted, you must manually run 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' to correct the problem.

Now my entire system has no icons, not a single one. Some packages must have not been installed. Some research resulted in two solutions.

sudo dpkg --configure -a

This resulted in a box (I don't know whether it is an error box or an instruction box.) I tried taking a screenshot, but alas! Couldn't take it also. I've copy pasted the text here.

Configuring Secure Boot   
 │ Your system has UEFI Secure Boot enabled.                                   
 │                                                                             
 │ UEFI Secure Boot requires additional configuration to work with             
 │ third-party drivers.                                                        
 │                                                                             
 │ The system will assist you in configuring UEFI Secure Boot. To permit       
 │ the use of third-party drivers, a new Machine-Owner Key (MOK) has been      
 │ generated. This key now needs to be enrolled in your system's firmware.     
 │                                                                             
 │ To ensure that this change is being made by you as an authorized user,      
 │ and not by an attacker, you must choose a password now and then confirm     
 │ the change after reboot using the same password, in both the "Enroll        
 │ MOK" and "Change Secure Boot state" menus that will be presented to you     
 │ when this system reboots.                                                   
 │                                                                             
 │                                  <Ok>

Please guide me what should I do, whether I should reinstall the whole system, or still there is some way by which I can handle this.

I've checked this answer, but it didn't work for me.

I want to use the older version of xfce4-whiskermenu-plugin. I issued the following command. (as per the instructions in the referred answer)

sudo apt-get install xfce4-whiskermenu-plugin 1.4

It resulted as this.

Can somebody guide me to install the older version of whisker menu which was a nice single-column menu bar?

I committed a big mistake. I issued the following command on my terminal

sudo apt-get purge python

I didn't read what it removed :(

I use LaTeX typesetting system and some of it's packages are not working now. I've asked my question here.

If I've lost the python files, is it needed to reinstall the full OS or something else might help me out of this?

Log -

Start-Date: 2019-08-17  13:55:17
Commandline: apt-get purge python
Requested-By: ubuntu (1000)
Purge: python-webencodings:amd64 (0.5-2), python-six:amd64 (1.11.0-2), python-matplotlib:amd64 (2.1.1-2ubuntu3), vprerex:amd64 (1:6.5.1-1), python-cycler:amd64 (0.10.0-1), feynmf:amd64 (1.08-10), fragmaster:amd64 (1.7-5), python-xdg:amd64 (0.25-4ubuntu1), python-gi:amd64 (3.26.1-2ubuntu1), latex-cjk-all:amd64 (4.8.4+git20170127-2), python-tk:amd64 (2.7.16-2~18.04.york0), python-tz:amd64 (2018.3-2), python-dbus:amd64 (1.2.6-1), python-chardet:amd64 (3.0.4-1), texlive-pictures:amd64 (2017.20180305-1), python-pyparsing:amd64 (2.2.0+dfsg1-2), python-subprocess32:amd64 (3.2.7-3), python:amd64 (2.7.16-1~18.04.york0), python-lxml:amd64 (4.2.1-1ubuntu0.1), python-enum34:amd64 (1.1.6-2), texlive-xetex:amd64 (2017.20180305-1), qbittorrent:amd64 (4.0.3-1), lyx:amd64 (2.2.4-0ubuntu0.18.04.1), texlive-latex-extra:amd64 (2017.20180305-2), python-cryptography:amd64 (2.1.4-1ubuntu1.3), python-crypto:amd64 (2.6.1-8ubuntu2), texlive-music:amd64 (2017.20180305-2), python-keyrings.alt:amd64 (3.0-1), python-cffi-backend:amd64 (1.11.5-1), python-ipaddress:amd64 (1.0.17-1), python-olefile:amd64 (0.45.1-1), prerex:amd64 (6.5.4-1), texlive-lang-other:amd64 (2017.20180305-1), texlive-full:amd64 (2017.20180305-1), python-scour:amd64 (0.36-2), python-pkg-resources:amd64 (39.0.1-2), python-html5lib:amd64 (0.999999999-1), python-all:amd64 (2.7.16-1~18.04.york0), inkscape:amd64 (0.92.3-1), python-bs4:amd64 (4.6.0-1), texlive-pstricks:amd64 (2017.20180305-2), python-secretstorage:amd64 (2.3.1-2), python-dev:amd64 (2.7.16-1~18.04.york0), python-setuptools:amd64 (39.0.1-2), python-keyring:amd64 (10.6.0-1), lyx-common:amd64 (2.2.4-0ubuntu0.18.04.1), texlive-formats-extra:amd64 (2017.20180305-2), python-idna:amd64 (2.6-1), python-wheel:amd64 (0.30.0-0.2), texlive-science:amd64 (2017.20180305-2), asymptote:amd64 (2.41-4), python-dateutil:amd64 (2.6.1-1), latex-cjk-thai:amd64 (4.8.4+git20170127-2), python-numpy:amd64 (1:1.13.3-2ubuntu1), texlive-extra-utils:amd64 (2017.20180305-2), python-pil:amd64 (5.1.0-1), python-pip:amd64 (9.0.1-2.3~ubuntu1.18.04.1), python-asn1crypto:amd64 (0.24.0-1), python-backports.functools-lru-cache:amd64 (1.4-2), python-all-dev:amd64 (2.7.16-1~18.04.york0)
End-Date: 2019-08-17  13:59:03

I'm pretty new to the site. I want to change my keyboard key-mapping. I use Ubuntu 16.4. By keyboard key-mapping I mean that if I type key 'a' I want a different unicode character (or characters) to appear be typed. Is there any code which I can temporarily run to get the work done? Can somebody help me?

What is the proper syntax for adding keyboard shortcuts in xfce4? From the existing shortcuts, I noticed that every shortcuts command is not the same. Different kind of syntax is used for different functions. Can anybody tell me the general rules?

echo -e "Version $(lsb_release -a)" && echo -e "Session: $DESKTOP_SESSION" && echo -e "Desktop: $XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP"

No LSB modules are available. 
Version Distributor ID: Ubuntu 
Description: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS 
Release: 18.04 
Codename: bionic 
Session: xfce 
Desktop: XFCE

I installed rstudio on my system, but I don't need it now. It has created its own user. Whenever I turn my system on, two users appear on the screen. This has happened only after installing rstudio. I don't want rstudio and its user as well.

I successfully uninstalled rstudio by sudo apt-get purge rstudio.

Still the login page is showing two users. Then I logged in to the second "rstudio" user and opened its terminal.

When I used deluser command there, I got this error.

rstudio@ubuntu-Vostro-15-3568:~$ sudo deluser rstudio is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported.

Please help me to delete this user.

I have an Xfce desktop installed on my computer. I want to use an inscript keyboard (Bangla) on it. I have found the keyboard in language layout, but I am having trouble to see its inscript variant. It is showing some other input source. How do I add it or simply change it? Please help. I have attached a screenshot below.