Shray's questions

I cloned the python code formatter from https://github.com/google/yapf. Now in its documentation (readme file), it states

Note that if you intend to use YAPF as a command-line tool rather than as a library, installation is not necessary. YAPF supports being run as a directory by the Python interpreter. If you cloned/unzipped YAPF into DIR, it's possible to run:

$ PYTHONPATH=DIR python DIR/yapf [options] ...

Now I cloned the project into my home directory. And then I made a test.py file to run the code formatter on this. I open my terminal and write,

$ PYTHONPATH=~ python ~/yapf test.py

But this fails and gives me the error message as:

/usr/bin/python: can't find '__main__' module in './yapf'

PS: I had tried this code formatter last week and it ran fine in my terminal. Can somebody please help me here?

I am confused. Linux filesystem is a tree structure, with the root node(starting node) as the root directory. Now let's suppose I have a folder abc at location /home/abc and another folder xyz at location /home/xyz

Folder xyz consists of some other folders and files inside it. (ex def and mno are folders inside it)

/
├── home/
│   ├── abc
│   └── xyz
│       ├── def
│       └── mno

When I run the command

mount --rbind /home/xyz /home/abc

(rbind is recursively bind) I see all the contents of the folder xyz in abc. Now, when I just run the command

mount --bind /home/xyz /home/abc

I still see all the contents of xyz in abc.

Why is that?

--bind to work just as similarly to --rbind.

ps aux | grep -i office | awk {'print $2'} | xargs kill 

I can use the above command to kill LibreOffice but it will abruptly kill the process. But I wish to do it the same way it happens when I shut down the system. So it asks me if I wish to save any changes before closing the dialogue box.

Edit: I am building a tool in which I need to kill other processes running. So I wanted to know how to give a chance of closing gracefully to these applications.