Jonas Grønbek's questions

I ran sudo sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab sudo swapoff -a

which resulted in no swap memory being used, down from 2 gigabytes. (I have 24 gigabytes of ram).

/etc/fstab

#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda2 during installation
UUID=0446af6d-0bd1-4811-91e7-7663019eecad /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=343C-7C17  /boot/efi       vfat    umask=0077      0       1
# /swapfile                                 none            swap    sw              0       0    

So the problem is I have a standard QWERTY keyboard, but I want to be able to type specific danish characters. I have tried to follow the example of this post Using ctrl as modifier to produce swedish letters å, ä & ö on us keyboard while typing. Which I cannot make workfor some reason.

My current active keyboard layout is English US.

I have insterted the following below.

/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols

partial alphanumeric_keys
xkb_symbols "danish" {

    include "us(basic)"
    name[Group1]= "English (US, with åæø)";

    key <AD11> { [ bracketleft,  braceleft,  aring,       Aring      ] };
    key <AC10> { [ semicolon,    colon,      odiaeresis,  Odiaeresis ] };
    key <AC11> { [ apostrophe,   quotedbl,   adiaeresis,  Adiaeresis ] };

    include "level3(ralt_switch)"
};

/usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/evdev.xml I have added the variant as the first in the list under English (US) like below

  <layoutList>
    <layout>
      <configItem>
        <name>us</name>
        <!-- Keyboard indicator for English layouts -->
        <shortDescription>en</shortDescription>
        <description>English (US)</description>
        <languageList>
          <iso639Id>eng</iso639Id>
        </languageList>
      </configItem>
      <variantList>
        <!-- Added danish mappings -->
        <variant>
                <configItem>
                        <name>danish</name>
                        <description>English (US, with åæø)</description>
                </configItem>
        </variant>

and restarting the keyboard service with systemctl restart keyboard-setup.

I do not have any combinations the expected mappings does not work, I have tested that the Meta R/Alt R and the key presses is detected as expected.

My current selected language is displayed as English (United Sates) (not English (US) as the mapping might suggest it should?)

I cannot find the other variants listed below under input sources like

          <configItem>
            <name>colemak</name>
            <description>English (Colemak)</description>
          </configItem>
        </variant>
        <variant>
          <configItem>
            <name>dvorak</name>
            <description>English (Dvorak)</description>
          </configItem>
        </variant>
``` etc. 

Most nice keyboards don't include æ, ø and å keys, so I was wondering if it would be possible to bind something like caps lock to some of the keys {capsl + ' = æ}, {capsl + " = 'ø'} and, {capsl + " = å} or something similar?

I installed zsh and oh-my-zsh across multiple users, and I saw a post about symlinking /root/.zshrc and /root/.oh-my-zsh with $HOME path variable so all users would have the same config files.

ln -s $HOME/.oh-my-zsh           /root/.oh-my-zsh
ln -s $HOME/.zshrc               /root/.zshrc

I thought of deleting zsh along with oh-my-zsh for all users and start fresh since I had not configured any of the users .zshrc to the extend I wanted to keep them.

I was a bit hasty with deleting some files, and I think I accidently deleted something that wasn't part of the apt zsh installation. Since I had a lot of errors after installing zsh again on my root user.

Now I have installed zsh as my normal user jonas and I went into root and when I try to su jonas it says /etc/zsh/zshrc:112: compinit: function definition file not found.

I can go into zsh shell, but it has no features. Everything is white, even though I have set up my .zshrc file.

I noticed in my etc/passwd that the jonas user used zsh so I changed it to bash.

Inside the jonas user, it seems like the system knows about zsh but is missing something. I can go into zsh but it just has no features.

however this is a bit confusing

jonas@L480:/etc/zsh$ zsh
/etc/zsh/zshrc:112: compinit: function definition file not found
L480% echo $SHELL
/bin/bash

jonas@L480:/$ zsh
/etc/zsh/zshrc:112: compinit: function definition file not found
L480% pwd
/
L480% bash
jonas@L480:/$ 

I have tried uninstalling with sudo apt-get --purge remove zsh and installing agian with sudo apt install zsh but the issue persists. zsh does have some default functionality like the suggestion navigation.

when zsh as root I get

L480 jonas # zsh
/etc/zsh/zshrc:112: compinit: function definition file not found
/home/jonas/.oh-my-zsh/oh-my-zsh.sh:69: compinit: function definition file not found
/home/jonas/.oh-my-zsh/lib/completion.zsh:76: bashcompinit: function definition file not found
/home/jonas/.oh-my-zsh/lib/directories.zsh:32: command not found: compdef
/home/jonas/.oh-my-zsh/lib/termsupport.zsh:109: add-zsh-hook: function definition file not found
/home/jonas/.oh-my-zsh/lib/termsupport.zsh:110: add-zsh-hook: function definition file not found
/home/jonas/.oh-my-zsh/lib/theme-and-appearance.zsh:2: colors: function definition file not found
/home/jonas/.oh-my-zsh/plugins/git/git.plugin.zsh:19: command not found: compdef
/home/jonas/.oh-my-zsh/plugins/git/git.plugin.zsh:89: command not found: compdef
/home/jonas/.oh-my-zsh/plugins/git/git.plugin.zsh:104: command not found: compdef
/home/jonas/.oh-my-zsh/plugins/git/git.plugin.zsh:109: command not found: compdef
/home/jonas/.oh-my-zsh/plugins/git/git.plugin.zsh:119: command not found: compdef
/home/jonas/.oh-my-zsh/plugins/git/git.plugin.zsh:129: command not found: compdef
/home/jonas/.oh-my-zsh/plugins/git/git.plugin.zsh:138: command not found: compdef
/home/jonas/.oh-my-zsh/plugins/git/git.plugin.zsh:144: command not found: compdef
/home/jonas/.oh-my-zsh/plugins/git/git.plugin.zsh:229: is-at-least: function definition file not found

This is my etc/zsh/zshrc file

# /etc/zsh/zshrc: system-wide .zshrc file for zsh(1).
#
# This file is sourced only for interactive shells. It
# should contain commands to set up aliases, functions,
# options, key bindings, etc.
#
# Global Order: zshenv, zprofile, zshrc, zlogin

READNULLCMD=${PAGER:-/usr/bin/pager}
export FPATH="/usr/local/share/zsh/functions:$FPATH"

# An array to note missing features to ease diagnosis in case of problems.
typeset -ga debian_missing_features

if [[ -z "${DEBIAN_PREVENT_KEYBOARD_CHANGES-}" ]] &&
   [[ "$TERM" != 'emacs' ]]
then

    typeset -A key
    key=(
        BackSpace  "${terminfo[kbs]}"
        Home       "${terminfo[khome]}"
        End        "${terminfo[kend]}"
        Insert     "${terminfo[kich1]}"
        Delete     "${terminfo[kdch1]}"
        Up         "${terminfo[kcuu1]}"
        Down       "${terminfo[kcud1]}"
        Left       "${terminfo[kcub1]}"
        Right      "${terminfo[kcuf1]}"
        PageUp     "${terminfo[kpp]}"
        PageDown   "${terminfo[knp]}"
    )

    function bind2maps () {
        local i sequence widget
        local -a maps

        while [[ "$1" != "--" ]]; do
            maps+=( "$1" )
            shift
        done
        shift

        sequence="${key[$1]}"
        widget="$2"

        [[ -z "$sequence" ]] && return 1

        for i in "${maps[@]}"; do
            bindkey -M "$i" "$sequence" "$widget"
        done
    }

    bind2maps emacs             -- BackSpace   backward-delete-char
    bind2maps       viins       -- BackSpace   vi-backward-delete-char
    bind2maps             vicmd -- BackSpace   vi-backward-char
    bind2maps emacs             -- Home        beginning-of-line
    bind2maps       viins vicmd -- Home        vi-beginning-of-line
    bind2maps emacs             -- End         end-of-line
    bind2maps       viins vicmd -- End         vi-end-of-line
    bind2maps emacs viins       -- Insert      overwrite-mode
    bind2maps             vicmd -- Insert      vi-insert
    bind2maps emacs             -- Delete      delete-char
    bind2maps       viins vicmd -- Delete      vi-delete-char
    bind2maps emacs viins vicmd -- Up          up-line-or-history
    bind2maps emacs viins vicmd -- Down        down-line-or-history
    bind2maps emacs             -- Left        backward-char
    bind2maps       viins vicmd -- Left        vi-backward-char
    bind2maps emacs             -- Right       forward-char
    bind2maps       viins vicmd -- Right       vi-forward-char

    # Make sure the terminal is in application mode, when zle is
    # active. Only then are the values from $terminfo valid.
    if (( ${+terminfo[smkx]} )) && (( ${+terminfo[rmkx]} )); then
        function zle-line-init () {
            emulate -L zsh
            printf '%s' ${terminfo[smkx]}
        }
        function zle-line-finish () {
            emulate -L zsh
            printf '%s' ${terminfo[rmkx]}
        }
        zle -N zle-line-init
        zle -N zle-line-finish
    else
        for i in {s,r}mkx; do
            (( ${+terminfo[$i]} )) || debian_missing_features+=($i)
        done
        unset i
    fi

    unfunction bind2maps

fi # [[ -z "$DEBIAN_PREVENT_KEYBOARD_CHANGES" ]] && [[ "$TERM" != 'emacs' ]]

zstyle ':completion:*:sudo:*' command-path /usr/local/sbin \
                                           /usr/local/bin  \
                                           /usr/sbin       \
                                           /usr/bin        \
                                           /sbin           \
                                           /bin            \
                                           /usr/X11R6/bin

(( ${+aliases[run-help]} )) && unalias run-help
autoload -Uz run-help

# If you don't want compinit called here, place the line
# skip_global_compinit=1
# in your $ZDOTDIR/.zshenv or $ZDOTDIR/.zprofile
if [[ -z "$skip_global_compinit" ]]; then
  autoload -U compinit
  compinit
fi

I upgraded to Ubuntu 19.10 yesterday while going to bed and might have fallen asleep while installing. I don't recall if I interrupted or succesfully installed it.

I dual boot Ubuntu and windows should it be relevant.

When I boot Ubuntu up it does not show the loading bar and logo. It just goes plain blank purple and does not get any further.

Is there a way I can troubleshoot? If not, Is is possible to reinstall ubuntu keeping my data? If not, should I nuke it and install fresh with USB?

In my Visual Studio code on ubuntu 19.04 I have created a folder with some content with a CLI tool called expo. However, my sudo user jonas does not seem to have rights to write to this folder since I have to verify password every save. Which is extremely daunting.

I have already tried the answer of

How can I give full permission to folder and subfolder

sudo mkdir /var/szDirectoryName
sudo chmod a+rwx /var/szDirectoryName

This is the output in the terminal

jonas@jonas:~/Projects/javascript-questions-flow3$ sudo chmod a+rwx /home/jonas/Projects/javascript-questions-flow3/react-native-flow-3
jonas@jonas:~/Projects/javascript-questions-flow3$ ls -l
total 140
drwxr-xr-x   4 jonas jonas   4096 jun 10 11:36 backend
drwxrwxr-x 246 jonas jonas  12288 jun 10 23:19 node_modules
-rw-rw-r--   1 jonas jonas   1216 jun 10 23:19 package.json
-rw-r--r--   1 jonas jonas 103310 jun 10 23:19 package-lock.json
drwxrwxrwx   6 jonas root    4096 jun 11 01:07 react-native-flow-3
-rw-rw-r--   1 jonas jonas   9586 jun 10 16:40 README.md
jonas@jonas:~/Projects/javascript-questions-flow3$ 

I expected the rootin react-native-flow-3 to change to my user as the rest. How can I give jonas sudo write access to this folder?

After updating from 18.04 to 19.04 my ctrl + a shortcut jumps to the start of the current line, instead of highlighting all text. How can I change it back?

I have tried to look into the keyboard section with shortcuts in settings. It does not display any shortcuts binded to ctrl + a. Neither does it for ctrl + c or ctrl + v.

I am setting up a new working station, where I want to be able to access my digitalOcean droplet with it. However, after copying the public key id_rs_pub, the private key id_rsa and known_hosts to my new working stations /home/user/.ssh. I get the following error:

sign_and_send_pubkey: signing failed: agent refused operation
[email protected]: Permission denied (publickey).

when trying to connect with ssh [email protected]

it turns out, when I delete the /home/user/.ssh folder completely from my main working station. I can still access the droplet with ssh [email protected]. This leads me to believe the private and public key are stored in a different location. Is this possible? If so, where?

What does this UFW log mean? Has already asked a similar question, but I want to know explicitly what each line of the UFW log means

Feb  6 16:27:08 jonasgroenbek kernel: [71910.873115] 
[UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= 
MAC=a6:8d:e2:51:62:4c:f0:4b:3a:4f:80:30:08:00 
SRC=77.72.85.26 DST=157.230.26.180
LEN=40 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=251 ID=62215 PROTO=TCP 
SPT=42772 DPT=3194 WINDOW=1024                        
RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0

For my (and hopefully others) feasibility, I would very much like each individual part being described shortly.