engr_john's questions

I would like to change the keyboard layout because I have Swedish keyboard.

I tried Settings => Region and Language => Input Sources = Manage Installed Languages => "+"

But not able to add/change keyboard language. Kindly have a look and let me know how can I fix this issue. Thanks in advance.

I am running Ubuntu 20.04 under Virtual Machine in Windows host machine.

I need to know where do we usually install the programs in Ubuntu. In which directory if the installation belong to all users and if it belong to a specific user only.

I would like to install Pycharm. I have found at some web pages that Pycharm need to be install under /opt folder.

I tried to create a new folder for Pycharm installation under /opt folder but this does not work.

Kindly let me know how we can create a new folder under /opt.

I would like to run the command ifconfig in Ubuntu running in virtual box. It ask me to run first sudo apt install net-tools but I get an error E: Unable to locate package net

Kindly let me know how to run ifconfig to find ip address.

1- I am not able to re-size the display. It only show me scaling and not the re size. How to re-size the screen ?

2- I have already done in Ubuntu 20.04 Devices => Share Folders => Share Folder Settings => Machine Folders => Add new share folder => Auto-mount => Make Permanent. I have also power-off the Ubuntu 20.04 in Virtual Box and start again. I am not able to find the folder in "other locations". Kindly let me know how can I share folder between Windows host and Ubuntu in Virtual Box ?

I have connected to Putty serial terminal. It is working very fine but I am not satisfied with the font that shows up by default. Is it possible to change the font setting while the session is running ? or we need to do that before starting the session ?

it is possible to get back to Ubuntu 20.04.1 from 20.04.3 ? I am running Petalinux 2021.1 in Ubuntu 20.04.3 and I get an issue that "This is not a supported OS"

Then I have looked at the reference guide. According to that 20.04.1 is the required OS, not 20.04.3.

https://www.xilinx.com/support/documentation/sw_manuals/xilinx2021_1/ug1144-petalinux-tools-reference-guide.pdf

abc@alpha:/$ uname -a
Linux alpha 5.4.0-88-generic #99-Ubuntu SMP Thu Sep 23 17:29:00 UTC 2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

I need to launch Petalinux but I get warning that /bin/sh is not bash !

Here is the terminal.

abc@alpha:/scratch2/abc/Xilinx$ source Petalinux/settings.sh
PetaLinux environment set to '/scratch2/abc/Xilinx/Petalinux'
WARNING: /bin/sh is not bash! 
bash is PetaLinux recommended shell. Please set your default shell to bash.
WARNING: This is not a supported OS
INFO: Checking free disk space
INFO: Checking installed tools
INFO: Checking installed development libraries
INFO: Checking network and other services
WARNING: No tftp server found - please refer to "UG1144 2021.1 PetaLinux Tools Documentation Reference Guide" for its impact and solution
abc@alpha:/scratch2/abc/Xilinx$ 

Then I tried to run chsh -s /bin/bash but it says that user 'abc' does not exist in etc/passwd

abc@alpha:/scratch2/abc/Xilinx/Petalinux$ chsh -s /bin/bash
Password: 
chsh: user 'abc' does not exist in /etc/passwd

Then I tried to add user with a command passwd abc. It ask me current and new password. Which current password should I use here ? I tried to use the password of user 'abc' as current and some other as new password but then it says Authentication token manipulation error and password unchanged.

abc@alpha:/scratch2/abc/Xilinx/Petalinux$ passwd abc
Current Password: 
New password: 
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
New password: 
Retype new password: 
passwd: Authentication token manipulation error
passwd: password unchanged
abc@alpha:/scratch2/abc/Xilinx/Petalinux$ 

I am not able to launch Petalinux. The installation is done successfully. There is bash issue. How to fix it ?

INFO: Installing PetaLinux...
*********************************************
WARNING: You haven't specified the installation location.
*********************************************
*********************************************
WARNING: By default, it will be installed in your working directory: /scratch2/abc/Xilinx/Petalinux
*********************************************
Please input "y" to proceed the installation, "n" to exit otherwise:y
*********************************************
WARNING: PetaLinux installation directory: /scratch2/abc/Xilinx/Petalinux/. is not empty!
*********************************************
Please input "y" to continue to install PetaLinux in that directory?[n]y
INFO: Checking PetaLinux installer integrity...
INFO: Installing PetaLinux SDK to "/scratch2/abc/Xilinx/Petalinux/."
INFO: Installing buildtools in /scratch2/abc/Xilinx/Petalinux/./components/yocto/buildtools
INFO: Installing buildtools-extended in /scratch2/abc/Xilinx/Petalinux/./components/yocto/buildtools_extended
INFO: PetaLinux SDK has been installed to /scratch2/abc/Xilinx/Petalinux/.
abc@alpha:/scratch2/abc/Xilinx/Petalinux$ 

abc@alpha:/scratch2/abc/Xilinx/Petalinux$ /settings.sh
bash: /settings.sh: No such file or directory

The problem is same if I use dot

abc@alpha:/scratch2/abc/Xilinx/Petalinux$ ./settings.sh
bash: ./settings.sh: Permission denied

I also have tried with source. Still it complaint for bash.

abc@alpha:/scratch2/abc/Xilinx$ source Petalinux/settings.sh
PetaLinux environment set to '/scratch2/abc/Xilinx/Petalinux'
WARNING: /bin/sh is not bash! 
bash is PetaLinux recommended shell. Please set your default shell to bash.
WARNING: This is not a supported OS
INFO: Checking free disk space
INFO: Checking installed tools
INFO: Checking installed development libraries
INFO: Checking network and other services
WARNING: No tftp server found - please refer to "UG1144 2021.1 PetaLinux Tools Documentation Reference Guide" for its impact and solution
abc@alpha:/scratch2/abc/Xilinx$

When I run the "chsh -s /bin/bash" to change shell to bash. I get the following issue.

abc@alpha:/scratch2/abc/Xilinx$ chsh -s /bin/bash
Password: 
chsh: user 'abc' does not exist in /etc/passwd
abc@alpha:/scratch2/abc/Xilinx$ 

I am having Ubuntu 20.04 in my computer. I need to know how can I write a sample data in USB flash drive as text file Ubuntu 20.04 ? The USB flash drive is connected to Ubuntu 20.04 machine.

The sample data generation is continuous in a C program like 10 kilo bytes per second.

I am not able to run the installation of petalinux in Ubuntu 20.04.

abc@alpha:/scratch2/abc/Xilinx$ /petalinux-v2021.1-final-installer.run /scratch2/abc/Xilinx/Petalinux

It comes with this error.

-bash: /usr/bin/python: No such file or directory

I edit my question with terminal. I am not sure what I am doing wrong.

abc@alpha:/scratch2/abc/Xilinx$ ls
Downloads       Petalinux                   petalinux-v2021.1-final-installer.run  Vitis      Vivado
DocNav  Model_Composer  Projects                               Vitis_HLS  xic

abc@alpha:/scratch2/abc/Xilinx$ ./petalinux-v2021.1-final-installer.run /scratch2/abc/Xilinx/Petalinux

ERROR: Invalid options: /scratch2/abc/Xilinx/Petalinux
PetaLinux installer.
Usage:
  petalinux-v2021.1-final-installer.run [--log <LOGFILE>] [-d|--dir <INSTALL_DIR>] [options]
Options:
  --log <LOGFILE>               specify where the logfile should be created.
                                it will be petalinux_installation_log
                                in your working directory by default.
  -d|--dir [INSTALL_DIR]        specify the directory where you want to
                                install the tool kit. If not specified,
                                it will install to your working directory.
  -p|--platform <arch_name>     specify the architecture name.
                                aarch64         : sources for zynqMP and versal
                                arm             : sources for zynq
                                microblaze_lite : sources for microblaze_lite
                                microblaze_full : sources for microblaze_full
EXAMPLES:
Install the tool in specified location:
 $ ./petalinux-v2021.1-final-installer.run -d/--dir <INSTALL_DIR>
To get only desired sources:
 $ ./petalinux-v2021.1-final-installer.run --dir <INSTALL_DIR>
        This will install the sources for all(zynq,zynqMP,versal,microblaze_lite,microblaze_full).

 $ ./petalinux-v2021.1-final-installer.run --dir <INSTALL_DIR> --platform "arm"
        This will install the sources for zynq only.

 $ ./petalinux-v2021.1-final-installer.run --dir <INSTALL_DIR> --platform "arm aarch64"
        This will install the sources for zynq,zynqMP and versal.

 $ ./petalinux-v2021.1-final-installer.run --dir <INSTALL_DIR> --platform "microblaze_lite microblaze_full"
        This will install the sources for microblaze_lite
Please refer to the PetaLinux Tools Installation Guide.

I am running Vivado 2021 on Ubuntu 20.04. I am not able to connect hardware, in which Vivado recognize the connected board. If I run "dmesg | grep tty" to see which port the ZYBO is connected I get the following reply.

dmesg | grep tty

[13390.172343] ftdi_sio ttyUSB0: FTDI USB Serial Device converter now disconnected from ttyUSB0 
[13390.172752] ftdi_sio ttyUSB1: FTDI USB Serial Device converter now disconnected from ttyUSB1 
[13390.640829] usb 3-2: FTDI USB Serial Device converter now attached to ttyUSB0 
[13390.643864] usb 3-2: FTDI USB Serial Device converter now attached to ttyUSB1

Is it possible to install the new bootable operating system i.e. Ubuntu 18.4 LTS in a folder that is located inside a partition ? Do I need to empty and format the whole partition of the drive or it can be installed in a allocated sub-folder ?

I have installed Ubuntu 16.04.4 in Oracle Virtual Box. I would like to access USB flash drive in the Virtual Box. I just found this link

https://www.tecmint.com/enable-usb-in-virtualbox/

I have downloaded and installed the Extension Pack as described in the link above and also added the USB flash drive in the Virtual Box settings. Now I am not able to run the command to allow the user "peter" which is the only user in Ubuntu 16.04.4 machine.

peter@peter:~$ sudo usermod -aG vboxusers peter
[sudo] password for peter:
usermod: group 'vboxusers' does not exist

and perhaps this is the reason that I am not able to see the drive with this command.

$ sudo lsblk

How to mount the USB flash drive in Ubuntu 16.04.4 ?

I need to split the screen horizontally into two. I found some commands like CTRL+B but it does not work. In addition sometime internet does not work in Ubuntu 16.04 installed in virtual machine. In virtual box settings I have selected NAT. I also have reboot the machine but no internet in Mozilla.

I am continuously getting a message asking to upgrade Ubuntu 16.04.4 to Ubuntu 16.04.5. I would like to disable this message so I can keep using Ubuntu 16.04.4 to install Xilinx PetaLinux 2018.3.

The system requirements in the documentation say that it requires version Ubuntu 16.05.4.

I am wondering how to find the /etc/apt/sources.conf filein Ubuntu 16.04.4 terminal ? It should contains URLs to archive.ubuntu.com.

I have removed Ubuntu 18.04 from Windows 10 WSL but I am not sure if all the files have been deleted or not. How to be sure that all files are deleted?

Do I need to install a driver for a D-Link DGE-530T PCIe card? I plugged in the card (support link) and restarted Ubuntu.

1) Do I really need to install a driver for it or there is native support already?
2) How can I check if the hardware is ready to use?

I am wondering how to turn on the built-in speaker DELL Optiplex 990 in Ubuntu.

There are several sub-folders from Home directory which appear as shortcuts on the Desktop. If I remove them "Move to Trash" then they also remove from Home directory.

How to remove shortcuts only from Desktop ?

user---:~$ ls -l ~/ Desktop
ls: cannot access 'Desktop': No such file or directory
/Home/sivxx/user---/:
total 372
-rwx------  1 user--- -----    402 Sep  2  2013 desktop.ini
drwx------  3 user--- -----   4096 Jul  9 15:30 Downloads
-rw-------  1 user--- -----   3311 Nov 12  2018 key_file
-rw-r--r--  1 user--- -----    742 Nov 12  2018 key_file.pub
drwxr-xr-x  5 user--- -----   4096 Jul 11 14:49 Linux
drwx------  2 user--- -----   4096 Jul 20  2018 mail
drwx------  3 user--- -----   4096 Sep  2  2013 Music
drwx------  3 user--- -----   4096 Mar  5  2018 Pictures
drwx------  2 user--- -----   4096 Sep  2  2013 $RECYCLE.BIN
drwx------ 12 user--- -----   4096 Sep  2  2013 Settings
drwx------  3 user--- -----   4096 Sep  2  2013 Videos
-rw-r--r--  1 user--- -----   1157 Jul  8 16:43 vivado_19045.backup.jou
-rw-r--r--  1 user--- -----   2224 Jul  8 16:43 vivado_19045.backup.log
-rw-r--r--  1 user--- -----    904 Jul 10 12:20 vivado_22453.backup.jou
-rw-r--r--  1 user--- -----   1604 Jul 10 12:20 vivado_22453.backup.log
-rw-r--r--  1 user--- -----    733 Jul 10 12:26 vivado_22944.backup.jou
-rw-r--r--  1 user--- -----   1433 Jul 10 12:26 vivado_22944.backup.log
-rw-r--r--  1 user--- -----    733 Jul 10 12:40 vivado_24077.backup.jou
-rw-r--r--  1 user--- -----   1433 Jul 10 12:40 vivado_24077.backup.log
-rw-r--r--  1 user--- -----   1393 Jul  9 13:30 vivado_4099.backup.jou
-rw-r--r--  1 user--- -----   2658 Jul  9 13:30 vivado_4099.backup.log
-rw-r--r--  1 user--- -----    732 Jul 11 14:45 vivado.jou
-rw-r--r--  1 user--- -----   1507 Jul 11 14:53 vivado.log
-rw-r--r--  1 user--- -----  19358 Jul  8 16:16 vivado_pid14694.str
-rw-r--r--  1 user--- ----- 202004 Mar 16  2018 vivado_pid16512.str
-rw-r--r--  1 user--- -----   7949 Jul  8 16:43 vivado_pid19045.str
-rw-r--r--  1 user--- -----   5900 Jul 10 12:20 vivado_pid22453.str
-rw-r--r--  1 user--- -----   4644 Jul 10 12:26 vivado_pid22944.str
-rw-r--r--  1 user--- -----   4720 Jul 10 12:42 vivado_pid24077.str
-rw-r--r--  1 user--- -----  11673 Jul  9 13:31 vivado_pid4099.str
drwxr-xr-x  7 user--- -----   4096 Jul 10 15:57 VivadoProjects
drwx------  3 user--- -----   4096 Jun  1  2018 WINDOWS

Here is the output of cat ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs: