Not trying to do anything malicious or violate copyrights. Just out of pure curiosity.
If dd creates a full clone of a disk, will it work if I use dd to make a full copy of windows 10 with a license key to another drive and boot it on another computer and have it still worked?
Normally it would detect a hardware change, and you'd need to activate it again. That's a typical disaster recovery scenario, where your old computer was destroyed and you need to recover from backup.
Windows 10 encourages you to link a Microsoft Account to your computer. I'm not sure what complications would occur if two installations were signed in from the same product key.