My servers are currently on sendmail which is not very efficient. I'd like to migrate to PostFix.
I'm using Google Mail for Domain for handling incoming email so I need to setup PostFix to send emails only. What's the minimal PostFix configuration I must do to set up outgoing email delivery and prohibit receiving email? All localhost emails are trustable by default.
The postfix documentation tells you exactly what you need to do.
I suggest you instead use msmtp as just an outgoing email server. Simpler than configuring postfix, and there's no chance you will ever accidentally configure it to recieve mail (because it can't).
Here's a howto for configuring msmtp as your system mailer.