My understanding is that fail2ban can be configured to send email notifications when hosts which appear to be attacking the system are detected. If you need to test this, and have access to another system you don't mind being banned from, simply try to log in incorrectly a few too many times (to exceed your configured threshold).
Before doing this, I would suggest confirming that mail works from the commandline to begin with, since fail2ban is just configured to use an mta (probably sendmail, or postfix's sendmail binary):
My understanding is that fail2ban can be configured to send email notifications when hosts which appear to be attacking the system are detected. If you need to test this, and have access to another system you don't mind being banned from, simply try to log in incorrectly a few too many times (to exceed your configured threshold).
Before doing this, I would suggest confirming that mail works from the commandline to begin with, since fail2ban is just configured to use an mta (probably sendmail, or postfix's sendmail binary):
That will tell you if mail is working.