There's only one SAS, right? Serial attached SCSI?
The female connectors:
SATA2 looks like: ------------| |-------
And SAS looks : ------------+-+-------
For me, the SATA2 male connector looks like it has little corners in the middle that would prevent it from sliding into SAS, which doesn't have the little gap to allow the corners in. Is this correct?
It works. SATA discs are compatible with SAS. I have tons of them in SAS backplanes. Work like a charm.
Yes, difference: SATA devices contain a gap between the power and the data connectors, while the SAS devices do not. Meaning: You can connect a SATA device to an enclosure that supports SAS and SATA, but (hopefully;) not the way around.
You should install an interposer board between HDD and the backplane in case you have problems. See: http://www.knowledgetransfer.net/dictionary/Storage/en/SATA_interposer_board.htm