I am looking for a database that has high and critical temperatures listed for CPU's and GPU's, or a tool that will be able to extract this information.
Google is filled with 'my gpu runs at 63C, is it too hot?' and long pointless discussions that talk about their temperatures and setups.
What I am looking for is data that clearly shows at which temperatures various hardware attempts to down-clock itself to cool down and at which temperature it shuts off.
For Intel CPU's, take a look at the Tjunction specification provided at http://ark.intel.com/products/ - in a nutshell, this is the temperature where the processor will take action to reduce it's temperature. This typically means throttling down the cores to the lowest speedstep increment.
There is also the TJmax which is the max thermal junction. This is when the CPU will actually shut off from overtemperature. This is not always disclosed - usually it's only disclosed for mobile parts for some reason.