I am currently setting up a domain name on windows server 2008r2 iis7
In the local hosts file I have mapped Domain.com and www.Domain.com to the localhost
The iis7 website has the bindings for Domain.com and www.Domain.com
However, from the internet the website only loads up when browsing to www.Domain.com
Is there something I am missing to make it work on Domain.com
As Sam pointed out the host file only handles resolution for the local computer. For everyone else, you need to have a DNS record.
To have both domain.com and www.domain.com active, you'll actually need to create two records. The first would be an A record for domain.com that points to the IP address of the web site. The second would be a CNAME record in that domain for www that points to the name domain.com. That way anyone accessing www.domain.com would automatically be sent to domain.com.