I have a buildroot system that I cannot login into with via root.
Root login using .ssh/authorized_keys working, but isn't practical since it's a read-only filesystem. Telnet root login also works.
How can I enable password-based login and can I enable logging of sshd to get more info?
/etc/ssh/sshd_config:Subsystem sftp = /usr/libexec/sftp-server PermitRootLogin = yes PasswordAuthentication = yes ChallengeResponseAuthentication = yes/etc/passwd:root:CD.Dnox5Dc2RQ:0:0:root:/home/root:/bin/sh daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/false bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/bin/false sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/bin/false sync:x:4:100:sync:/bin:/bin/sync mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/spool/mail:/bin/false www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/bin/false operator:x:37:37:Operator:/var:/bin/false test:<hash>/:100:100:user:/home/test:/bin/sh nobody:x:99:99:nobody:/home:/bin/false sshd:x:1000:1000:SSH drop priv user:/:/bin/false/etc/shadowdaemon:*:10933:0:99999:7::: bin:*:10933:0:99999:7::: sys:*:10933:0:99999:7::: sync:*:10933:0:99999:7::: mail:*:10933:0:99999:7::: www-data:*:10933:0:99999:7::: operator:*:10933:0:99999:7::: nobody:*:10933:0:99999:7::: sshd:*:::::::ssh -v root@deviceOpenSSH_7.6p1 Ubuntu-4ubuntu0.3, OpenSSL 1.0.2n 7 Dec 2017 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to device [192.168.10.202] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /home/jenia/.ssh/id_rsa type 0 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /home/jenia/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /home/jenia/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /home/jenia/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /home/jenia/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /home/jenia/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /home/jenia/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /home/jenia/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.6p1 Ubuntu-4ubuntu0.3 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_7.1 debug1: match: OpenSSH_7.1 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000 debug1: Authenticating to device:22 as 'root' debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: algorithm: [email protected] debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 debug1: kex: server->client cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none debug1: kex: client->server cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:VY8wYy/5GDoAl39tVLWHtJcUaDFUfLR1/3hiTBbv+ww The authenticity of host 'device (192.168.10.202)' can not be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:VY8wYy/5GDoAl39tVLWHtJcUaDFUfLR1/3hiTBbv+ww. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added 'device,192.168.10.202' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering public key: RSA SHA256:+pbphA33IlRNVBroM+DLokCIZII2eSzo095QDT16gNI /home/jenia/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive debug1: Trying private key: /home/jenia/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Trying private key: /home/jenia/.ssh/id_ecdsa debug1: Trying private key: /home/jenia/.ssh/id_ed25519 debug1: Next authentication method: keyboard-interactive debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive debug1: Next authentication method: password root@device password: debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive Permission denied, please try again./usr/sbin/sshd -ddd
debug2: load_server_config: filename /etc/ssh/sshd_config debug2: load_server_config: done config len = 244 debug2: parse_server_config: config /etc/ssh/sshd_config len 244 debug3: /etc/ssh/sshd_config:54 setting AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys debug3: /etc/ssh/sshd_config:110 setting UsePrivilegeSeparation sandbox debug3: /etc/ssh/sshd_config:126 setting Subsystem sftp /usr/libexec/sftp-server debug1: sshd version OpenSSH_7.1, OpenSSL 1.0.2g 1 Mar 2016 debug1: private host key #0: ssh-rsa SHA256:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXtvkz2AWVxGD065gePcrwgk debug1: private host key #1: ssh-dss SHA256:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX21Yy3P+jgZdxlnWlPCQ8 debug1: private host key #2: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXtCs3ZIhpDfB0bBPukcIdsc debug1: private host key #3: ssh-ed25519 SHA256:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXzJwAiPEnQSXzrTk debug1: rexec_argv[0]='/usr/sbin/sshd' debug1: rexec_argv[1]='-ddd' debug3: oom_adjust_setup debug1: Set /proc/self/oom_score_adj from 0 to -1000 debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK debug3: sock_set_v6only: set socket 3 IPV6_V6ONLY debug1: Bind to port 22 on ::. Server listening on :: port 22. debug2: fd 4 setting O_NONBLOCK debug1: Bind to port 22 on 0.0.0.0. Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22. debug3: fd 5 is not O_NONBLOCK debug1: Server will not fork when running in debugging mode. debug3: send_rexec_state: entering fd = 8 config len 244 debug3: ssh_msg_send: type 0 debug3: send_rexec_state: done debug1: rexec start in 5 out 5 newsock 5 pipe -1 sock 8 debug1: inetd sockets after dupping: 3, 3 Connection from 192.168.10.100 port 64175 on 192.168.10.202 port 22 debug1: Client protocol version 2.0; client software version OpenSSH_for_Windows_7.7 debug1: match: OpenSSH_for_Windows_7.7 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000 debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.1 debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK debug3: ssh_sandbox_init: preparing seccomp filter sandbox debug2: Network child is on pid 25121 debug3: preauth child monitor started debug3: privsep user:group 1000:1000 [preauth] debug1: permanently_set_uid: 1000/1000 [preauth] debug3: ssh_sandbox_child: setting PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS [preauth] debug3: ssh_sandbox_child: attaching seccomp filter program [preauth] debug1: ssh_sandbox_child: prctl(PR_SET_SECCOMP): Invalid argument [preauth] debug3: list_hostkey_types: ssh-dss key not permitted by HostkeyAlgorithms [preauth] debug1: list_hostkey_types: ssh-rsa,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ssh-ed25519 [preauth] debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent [preauth] debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received [preauth] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1 [preauth] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ssh-ed25519 [preauth] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected] [preauth] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected] [preauth] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1 [preauth] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1 [preauth] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] [preauth] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected] [preauth] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [preauth] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [preauth] debug2: first_kex_follows 0 [preauth] debug2: reserved 0 [preauth] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: curve25519-sha256,[email protected],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,ext-info-c [preauth] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,[email protected],[email protected],ssh-ed25519,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa [preauth] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected] [preauth] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[email protected],[email protected] [preauth] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1 [preauth] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1 [preauth] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none [preauth] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none [preauth] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [preauth] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [preauth] debug2: first_kex_follows 0 [preauth] debug2: reserved 0 [preauth] debug1: kex: client->server [email protected] <implicit> none [preauth] debug1: kex: server->client [email protected] <implicit> none [preauth] debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT [preauth] debug3: mm_key_sign entering [preauth] debug3: mm_request_send entering: type 6 [preauth] debug3: mm_request_receive entering debug3: monitor_read: checking request 6 debug3: mm_answer_sign debug3: mm_answer_sign: hostkey proof signature 0x7868dac8(99) debug3: mm_request_send entering: type 7 debug2: monitor_read: 6 used once, disabling now debug3: mm_key_sign: waiting for MONITOR_ANS_SIGN [preauth] debug3: mm_request_receive_expect entering: type 7 [preauth] debug3: mm_request_receive entering [preauth] debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 [preauth] debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent [preauth] debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS [preauth] debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 [preauth] debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received [preauth] debug1: KEX done [preauth] debug1: userauth-request for user root service ssh-connection method none [preauth] debug1: attempt 0 failures 0 [preauth] debug3: mm_getpwnamallow entering [preauth] debug3: mm_request_send entering: type 8 [preauth] debug3: mm_getpwnamallow: waiting for MONITOR_ANS_PWNAM [preauth] debug3: mm_request_receive_expect entering: type 9 [preauth] debug3: mm_request_receive entering [preauth] debug3: mm_request_receive entering debug3: monitor_read: checking request 8 debug3: mm_answer_pwnamallow debug2: parse_server_config: config reprocess config len 244 debug3: auth_shadow_acctexpired: today 2 sp_expire -1 days left -3 debug3: account expiration disabled debug3: mm_answer_pwnamallow: sending MONITOR_ANS_PWNAM: 1 debug3: mm_request_send entering: type 9 debug2: monitor_read: 8 used once, disabling now debug2: input_userauth_request: setting up authctxt for root [preauth] debug3: mm_inform_authserv entering [preauth] debug3: mm_request_send entering: type 4 [preauth] debug2: input_userauth_request: try method none [preauth] debug3: userauth_finish: failure partial=0 next methods="publickey,password,keyboard-interactive" [preauth] debug3: mm_request_receive entering debug3: monitor_read: checking request 4 debug3: mm_answer_authserv: service=ssh-connection, style= debug2: monitor_read: 4 used once, disabling now debug1: userauth-request for user root service ssh-connection method publickey [preauth] debug1: attempt 1 failures 0 [preauth] debug2: input_userauth_request: try method publickey [preauth] debug1: test whether pkalg/pkblob are acceptable [preauth] debug3: mm_key_allowed entering [preauth] debug3: mm_request_send entering: type 22 [preauth] debug3: mm_key_allowed: waiting for MONITOR_ANS_KEYALLOWED [preauth] debug3: mm_request_receive_expect entering: type 23 [preauth] debug3: mm_request_receive entering [preauth] debug3: mm_request_receive entering debug3: monitor_read: checking request 22 debug3: mm_answer_keyallowed entering debug3: mm_answer_keyallowed: key_from_blob: 0x7868d858 debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 0/0 (e=0/0) debug1: trying public key file /home/root/.ssh/authorized_keys debug1: Could not open authorized keys '/home/root/.ssh/authorized_keys': No such file or directory debug1: restore_uid: 0/0 Failed publickey for root from 192.168.10.100 port 64175 ssh2: RSA SHA256:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXwXzMcggx2QWBxvEEdpZR71Yo debug3: mm_answer_keyallowed: key 0x7868d858 is not allowed debug3: mm_request_send entering: type 23 debug2: userauth_pubkey: authenticated 0 pkalg ssh-rsa [preauth] debug3: userauth_finish: failure partial=0 next methods="publickey,password,keyboard-interactive" [preauth] debug1: userauth-request for user root service ssh-connection method keyboard-interactive [preauth] debug1: attempt 2 failures 1 [preauth] debug2: input_userauth_request: try method keyboard-interactive [preauth] debug1: keyboard-interactive devs [preauth] debug1: auth2_challenge: user=root devs= [preauth] debug1: kbdint_alloc: devices '' [preauth] debug2: auth2_challenge_start: devices [preauth] debug3: userauth_finish: failure partial=0 next methods="publickey,password,keyboard-interactive" [preauth] debug1: userauth-request for user root service ssh-connection method password [preauth] debug1: attempt 3 failures 2 [preauth] debug2: input_userauth_request: try method password [preauth] debug3: mm_auth_password entering [preauth] debug3: mm_request_send entering: type 12 [preauth] debug3: mm_auth_password: waiting for MONITOR_ANS_AUTHPASSWORD [preauth] debug3: mm_request_receive_expect entering: type 13 [preauth] debug3: mm_request_receive entering [preauth] debug3: mm_request_receive entering debug3: monitor_read: checking request 12 debug3: auth_shadow_pwexpired: today 2 sp_lstchg 10933 sp_max 99999 debug3: mm_answer_authpassword: sending result 0 debug3: mm_request_send entering: type 13 Failed password for root from 192.168.10.100 port 64175 ssh2 debug1: Unable to open the btmp file /var/log/btmp: No such file or directory debug3: mm_auth_password: user not authenticated [preauth] debug3: userauth_finish: failure partial=0 next methods="publickey,password,keyboard-interactive" [preauth]
Remove root's plain-text password from
/etc/passwdand add an encrypted one in the/etc/shadowfileFirst edit the
/etc/passwdfile from:To:
Then create an encrypted password using
opensslcommand:In this case, the plain-text password is
CD.Dnox5Dc2RQand the encrypted version is$1$A20/AqQt$zBfgwEGWNRLQsSk3bYV6V.Then add entries to
/etc/shadowfile:From now on, you will be able to SSH and login as root with a password of
CD.Dnox5Dc2RQand home directory of/root