I would like to set up Exim4 on Debian as an authenticated smart host, which behaves not terribly different from gmail (or google apps).
I want it to accept mail via TLS, require username and password credentials, and always rewrite the sender as the authenticated user.
You will need to:
1.Setup a working Exim server
2.Setup authentication (eg cram_md5) (see section 35.1 of the manual)
3.Set the server to require tls (see section 38.1 of the manual)
4.Configure sender rewriting (section 34.10 of the manual, examples from same)
There is a useful guide here to rewriting. Note that rewriting is often frowned upon as the reasons for rewriting are often nefarious.
You can test rewriting with
exim -brw <test_address>
.