We've just set up Azure AD and federated it with our G Suite system. I see the provisioned users from G Suite and can log in to Azure and Office with them, no problem.
I also have a Windows 10 Pro PC and have joined it to Azure. Users on our onmicrosoft.com domain can log in to the computer without a problem. Federated users on our real domain, as imported from Google, cannot. It just says, "The user name or password is incorrect. Try again."
Any help is much appreciated.