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Martin Hope
Rama
Asked: 2024-03-30 01:23:23 +0800 CST
  • 5

Greetings! A server which is equipped with 512GB RAM(16 slots * 32GB) which OS is Ubuntu 22.04. During boot up, server reserving 16259356K(15GB) RAM showed in dmesg that resulted only 498GB is available for the OS. I was unable to identify where 15GB is allocated. Could you please help me.

1.) Dmidecode for RAM.
root@apac2-prd241:~# dmidecode -t memory |grep Size
    Size: 32 GB
    Size: 32 GB
    Size: 32 GB
    Size: 32 GB
    Size: 32 GB
    Size: 32 GB
    Size: 32 GB
    Size: 32 GB
    Size: 32 GB
    Size: 32 GB
    Size: 32 GB
    Size: 32 GB
    Size: 32 GB
    Size: 32 GB
    Size: 32 GB
    Size: 32 GB


2.) dmesg log.
root@apac2-prd241:~# grep Memory /var/log/dmesg
[    3.919928] kernel: Memory: 520513460K/536773076K available (16393K kernel code, 4395K rwdata, 10908K rodata, 3360K init, 18708K bss, 16259356K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
[    8.227673] kernel: x86/mm: Memory block size: 2048MB


3.) System RAM.
root@apac2-prd241:~# free -g
               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:             497          39         439          17          18         438
Swap:              0           0           0
memory
Martin Hope
Rama
Asked: 2024-03-25 22:54:34 +0800 CST
  • 6

During the 3-way handshake, sender (10.16.0.128) and recipient (10.16.0.5) advertised their window size of 42340 and 65535 respectively.

From the 3rd packet (syn+ack+ack) onwards sender again advertised widow size as 166, while receiver advertised 512.

Can you please let me know why the window size was reduced without sending any segment? Does it keep changing on every ack? Why they didn't commit window size during negotiations.

    10.16.0.128.59570 > 10.16.0.5.22: Flags [S], cksum 0x7da0 (incorrect -> 0xf0a5), seq 2355031382, win 42340, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 4284732064 ecr 0,nop,wscale 8], length 0

09:50:58.661172 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 60)
    10.16.0.5.22 > 10.16.0.128.59570: Flags [S.], cksum 0x2d67 (correct), seq 1148159519, ack 2355031383, win 65535, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 216174882 ecr 4284732064,nop,wscale 7], length 0

09:50:58.661229 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 49621, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 52)
    10.16.0.128.59570 > 10.16.0.5.22: Flags [.], cksum 0x7d98 (incorrect -> 0x5b8c), seq 1, ack 1, win 166, options [nop,nop,TS val 4284732065 ecr 216174882], length 0

09:50:58.661455 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 49622, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 98)
    10.16.0.128.59570 > 10.16.0.5.22: Flags [P.], cksum 0x7dc6 (incorrect -> 0x5b5f), seq 1:47, ack 1, win 166, options [nop,nop,TS val 4284732065 ecr 216174882], length 46

09:50:58.661543 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 8746, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 52)
    10.16.0.5.22 > 10.16.0.128.59570: Flags [.], cksum 0x5a03 (correct), seq 1, ack 47, win 512, options [nop,nop,TS val 216174883 ecr 4284732065], length 0

09:50:58.661543 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 8746, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 52)
    10.16.0.5.22 > 10.16.0.128.59570: Flags [.], cksum 0x5a03 (correct), seq 1, ack 47, win 512, options [nop,nop,TS val 216174883 ecr 4284732065], length 0```
tcp-window-scaling