The Linux log /var/log/wtmp according to the man page http://linux.die.net/man/5/wtmp stores "utmp" events for many system events, like logging into it (LOGIN_PROCESS ut_type), changing runlevel (RUN_LVL ut_type) and other.
There is last utility, which parses wtmp and prints who was logged into the system, and when it was rebooted.
Is there tool to display other records from wtmp log?
What is the process which writes info into wtmp log?
I just converted by lvm2 root filesystem from linear lvm2 (single HDD:sda) to lvm2 raid1 (using lvconvert -m1 --type raid1 /dev/ubuntu/root /dev/sdb5 command). But after this conversion I can't boot my ubuntu 12.10 (kernel 3.5.0-17-generic).
Initramfs says that it can't find root fs in /dev/mapper:
Begin: Running /scripts/init-premount ... done.
Begin: Mounting root file system ... Begin: Running /scripts/local-top ... done.
... (kernel messages)
Gave up waiting for root device. Common problems:
- Boot args (cat /proc/cmdline)
- Check rootdelay= (did the system wait long enough?)
- Check root= (did the system wait for the right device?)
- Missing modules (cat /proc/modules; ls /dev)
ALERT! /dev/mapper/ubuntu-root does not exist. Dropping to a shell!
There is my list of modules and cmdline:
(initramfs) cat /proc/modules
hid_generic
usbhid
hid
e1000
raid10
raid456
async_pq
async_xor
xor
async_memcpy
async_raid6_recov
raid6_pq
async_tx
raid1
raid0
multipath
linear
(initramfs) cat /proc/cmdline
BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinux-3.5.0-17-generic root=/dev/mapper/ubuntu-root ro
(initramfs) ls /dev/mapper
control ubuntu-swap_1
There is output from lvm utility, which says that root LV is inactive / NOT available:
lvm> pvscan
PV /dev/sda5 VG ubuntu lvm2 [ 13.76 GiB / 408.00 MiB free]
PV /dev/sdb5 VG ubuntu lvm2 [ 13.76 GiB / 508.00 MiB free]
lvm> vgscan
Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while...
Found volume group "ubuntu" using metadata type lvm2
lvm> lvscan
inactive '/dev/ubuntu/root' [13.26 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/ubuntu/swap_1' [100.00 MiB] inherit
lvm> lvdisplay ubuntu
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/ubuntu/root
LV Name root
VG Name ubuntu
LV UUID xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time ubuntu, 2013-05-07
LV Status NOT available <<<<< !!!!
LV Size 13.26 GB
Current LE 3394
Mirrored volumes 2
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
And lvchange -ay ubuntu fails from initrd in my case:
lvm> lvchange -ay ubuntu
/sbin/modprobe failed: 1
Can't process LV root: raid1 target support missing from kernel?
Which module is missing in my initrd? Now I have full collection of modules from this kernel and can try any module.
When I try to connect to remote server, ssh asks for password, checks it (if I put wrong password it will say "Permission denied") but doesn't let me in:
$ ssh user11@123
user11@123's password:
nothing happens, and some time later:
Read from remote host 123: Connection reset by peer
123 is hided server's ip.
Both ssh and sftp do this.
Remote is linux+OpenSSH and week ago ssh worked ok.
in -vvv mode I have after entry of password
debug3: packet_send2: adding 64 (len 58 padlen 6 extra_pad 64)
debug2: we sent a password packet, wait for reply
debug1: Authentication succeeded (password).
debug1: channel 0: new [client-session]
debug3: ssh_session2_open: channel_new: 0
debug2: channel 0: send open
debug1: Entering interactive session.
after some time...
debug1: channel 0: free: client-session, nchannels 1
debug3: channel 0: status: The following connections are open:
#0 client-session (t3 r-1 i0/0 o0/0 fd 4/5 cfd -1)
debug3: channel 0: close_fds r 4 w 5 e 6 c -1
Read from remote host 123: Connection reset by peer
debug1: Transferred: stdin 0, stdout 0, stderr 63 bytes in 117.1 seconds
debug1: Bytes per second: stdin 0.0, stdout 0.0, stderr 0.5
Is it possible to set up OpenBSD such, that it will have IP1 internally (in hosts, in hostname.en0, sockets binds to IP1), but convert it to IP2 when packet goes to ethernet. Also, packets for the IP2 should be received and delivered to services which were bind to IP1.
I think, this is possible in Linux, with iptables firewall (something like by DNAT/SNAT), but now I want to do this on OpenBSD.
I can setup routing of real LAN in any way.
I want to do a physical-to-virtual migration of BSD server, saving the IP address. The destination virtual host is Linux/KVM.
The current setup: I had a BSD server with failed Hardware. I have just replaced it with a new server, and its HardWare is too new to be used by BSD directly.
So, I have Linux on new server and want to move the BSD into virtualization with KVM.
I have full HDD dump of old server.
The problem is: I have only single real IP and I should use this IP both in guest and in host.
I want to use the IP on the guest because it is a mail server and I want my Real IP to be used in mail headers.
Usage of the IP on the host is because I have no any other IP.
TCP Services of the machines are:
Ports 22,25,53,110 will be just forwarded from host to guest using iptables. If it is possible I would also forward guest's DNS server into realIP.
How should I configure KVM network and libvirt to achieve same IP usage in guest and in host?
Is it possible for FB-DIMM memory to be a memory without ECC, or every FBDIMM memory module is ECC?
ECC - is builtin memory errors correction.
FB-DIMM - is type of server memory.
What are the best "performance per watt" (measured in MFLOPS/W) for current CPUs and GPU's?
I hear it is near 500 MFLOPS/W for entire computer ( www.green500.org ), but What is the current record for bare CPU or GPU chip?
I have apache with one folder used for reverse proxy:
<VirtualHost *:80>
...
ProxyPass /site http://server.local:8989/site
ProxyPassReverse /site http://server.local:8989/site
</VirtualHost *:80>
How can I disable proxy for url's /site/IMAGES/* ?
Where can I find an XScope program, debugger/tracer of xlib calls, for Linux with XFree/X.Org?
I had recieve the error
#< #5.1.3 SMTP; 553 sorry, your domain does not exists.> #SMTP#
What does this means?
It is a message from server with sendmail, send to domain3 (which uses ms exchange).
Full error mail from exchange (sorry, not exact message, but translated from ru to en)
Diagnostic info for administrators:
Forming server: domain1_with_sendmail
user@domain3
#< #5.1.3 SMTP; 553 sorry, your domain does not exists.> #SMTP#
Does Exchange change text description from remote smtp error?
There is "MX" record for domain3 and no "A" records for domain3, only one for "www.domain3"
Update" all domains are public and have fully-qualified names, all dns's are accessible."
Update2: domain1 has only "A" record, but not the MX one. Can it be a problem?
I have a setup of exim4 on domain1 in front of other server, domain2 (with sendmail). Second server have no direct access to internet, so domain1 is MX for domain2. And domain2 is set as hubbed_host in the exim4 on domain1.
When spammer sends message for no_such_user@domain2, its sendmail do a reject:
550 5.1.1 <no_such_user@domain2>... User unknown
Then, exim4 at domain1 do an auto-reply like this:
This message was created automatically by mail delivery software.
A message that you sent could not be delivered to one or more of its
recipients. This is a permanent error. The following address(es) failed:
no_such_user@domain2
SMTP error from remote mail server after RCPT TO:<no_such_user@domain2>:
host 10.0.0.1 [10.0.0.1]: 550 5.1.1 <no_such_user@domain2>... User
unknown
The spammers uses fake "from" field, and such generated messages are frozen by exim for a long time.
How can I disable some or all autoreplies from exim4? Ideally, I want a filter, if message was not delivered with error "User unknown" than don't generate any autoreply from mailer-daemon.
Thanks!
Is ext4 ready for production usage in debian 5 (with linux kernel version 2.6.26) ? Will it be stable, oops-free and bug-free?
I want to resize (shrink) root ext3 fs partition of remote Debian 5.0 system. There is no LVM.
Is it possible without using a livecd? E.g. via custom initrd.img.
And second problem - Can I instuct grub to use different options only at first next reboot, but not at the second and subsequent.