Rushi's questions

I have 4-5 Ubuntu 14.04 servers in my network and I want to share a common /home directory between them. I have setup the nfs server, and I can mount the directory on various clients. However my problem is that of user IDs.

Example: A user on the nfs server is UID 1003, but on an nfs client this same user is UID 1002, on another nfs client 1005.

What are my options in resolving this conflict? I've had quite an extensive google search around looking for options and can't find clear answers. Can I map users from one UID to another, or do I have manually change UIDs across all boxes?

This is my current /etc/exports

home 192.168.1.0/24(rw,sync,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check)

I'm running Drupal and trying to figure out the best stack to serve it. Apache + mod_php or Nginx + PHP-FPM

I used ApacheBench (ab) and Siege to test both setups and I'm seeing Apache performing better. This surprises me a little bit since I've heard a lot of good things about Nginx + PHP-FPM. My current Nginx setup is something that is a bit out of the box, and the same goes for PHP-FPM

What optimizations I can make to speed up the Nginx + PHP-FPM combo over Apache and mo_php ? In my tests using ab, Apache is outperforming Nginx significantly (higher requets/second and finishing tests much faster)

I've googled around a bit, but since I've never using Nginx, PHP-FPM or FastCGI, I don't exactly know where to start

PHP v5.2.13, Drupal v6, latest PHP-FPM and Nginx compiled from source. Apache v2.0.63

ApacheBench Nginx + PHP-FPM

Server Software:        nginx/0.7.67
Server Hostname:        test2.com
Server Port:            80

Concurrency Level:      25
---> Time taken for tests:   158.510008 seconds
Complete requests:      1000
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
---> Requests per second:    6.31 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       3962.750 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       158.510 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          181.38 [Kbytes/sec] received

ApacheBench Apache using mod_php

Server Software:        Apache/2.0.63
Server Hostname:        test1.com
Server Port:            80

Concurrency Level:      25
--> Time taken for tests:   63.556663 seconds
Complete requests:      1000
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
--> Requests per second:    15.73 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       1588.917 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       63.557 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          103.94 [Kbytes/sec] received

I'm benchmarking Apache/2.2.3 (prefork) using ab and siege with the following command:

ab -kc 200 -t 120 http://www.mywebsite.com/test.php
siege -c200 -t2M http://www.mywebsite.com/test.php

test.php is a very simple file which just creates one mysql connection and then closes

<?php
$link = mysql_connect("localhost", "username", "password");
mysql_select_db("dbname");
if(!$link) {
    die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo 'Connected successfully';
mysql_close($link);
?>

The results I get have a lot of failed requests in them. I'm trying to figure out how to go about reducing the number of these failed requests since this is a fairly simple script, server load is quite low, I shouldn't have a problem on a Quad-Core Xeon 3Ghz machine with 8G of RAM.

Output from siege

Transactions:               9438 hits
Availability:              98.33 %
Elapsed time:             119.39 secs
Data transferred:           0.38 MB
Response time:             1.31 secs
Transaction rate:          79.05 trans/sec
Throughput:               0.00 MB/sec
Concurrency:                  103.37
Successful transactions      9438
Failed transactions:          160
Longest transaction:        21.24
Shortest transaction         0.21

Output from ab:

Benchmarking www.mywebsite.com (be patient)

Server Software:        Apache/2.2.3
Server Hostname:        www.mywebsite.com
Server Port:            80  

Document Path:          /test.php
Document Length:        22 bytes

Concurrency Level:      200 
Time taken for tests:   35.851520 seconds
Complete requests:      50000
Failed requests:        618
   (Connect: 0, Length: 618, Exceptions: 0)
Write errors:           0   
Keep-Alive requests:    49600
Total transferred:      12932098 bytes
HTML transferred:       1149345 bytes
Requests per second:    1394.64 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       143.406 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       0.717 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          352.26 [Kbytes/sec] received

A quick highlight of my Apache Configuration

Timeout 300
KeepAlive On
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100
KeepAliveTimeout 15

<IfModule prefork.c>
StartServers 20
MinSpareServers 20
MaxSpareServers 50
ServerLimit 500
#default 200
MaxClients 500
MaxRequestsPerChild  4000
</IfModule>

I ran the same test with the same script on another weaker server, and it had zero failed requests and finished tests faster. So I wonder what's wrong on this one.

Updated MySQL configuration:

Variables

mysql> show variables LIKE '%connect%';
+--------------------------+-------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value             |
+--------------------------+-------------------+
| character_set_connection | latin1            | 
| collation_connection     | latin1_swedish_ci | 
| connect_timeout          | 10                | 
| init_connect             |                   | 
| max_connect_errors       | 10                | 
| max_connections          | 100               | 
| max_user_connections     | 0                 | 
+--------------------------+-------------------+

Global Status

mysql> SHOW GLOBAL STATUS LIKE '%connect%';
+--------------------------+---------+
| Variable_name            | Value   |
+--------------------------+---------+
| Aborted_connects         | 343     | 
| Connections              | 1463797 | 
| Max_used_connections     | 101     | 
| Ssl_client_connects      | 0       | 
| Ssl_connect_renegotiates | 0       | 
| Ssl_finished_connects    | 0       | 
| Threads_connected        | 3       | 
+--------------------------+---------+